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When performing an EKG, the patient starts to laugh out of feelings of anxiety. What would you expect the EKG to show? (Choose the BEST answer.)
- A. Increased pulse rate, normal EKG
- B. Decreased pulse rate, abnormal EKG
- C. Tachycardia, poor EKG graph
- D. Bradycardia, poor EKG graph
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a patient laughs due to anxiety during an EKG, it is likely to cause tachycardia, which is a rapid heart rate. This increased heart rate can lead to poor EKG graph quality as the electrical signals from large moving muscles can interfere with data collection from the chest leads. Therefore, in this scenario, the EKG is expected to show tachycardia with poor graph quality. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a patient laughing out of anxiety is more likely to result in an increased pulse rate (tachycardia) rather than a decreased pulse rate (bradycardia) or a normal EKG.
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What does the term 'Afferent Nerve' mean?
- A. Carrying an impulse to the brain
- B. Carrying an impulse away from the brain
- C. Carrying impulses to the motor neurons of the appendicular muscles
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Carrying an impulse to the brain.' Afferent nerves are sensory nerves that carry signals from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system, including the brain. Choice B, 'Carrying an impulse away from the brain,' is incorrect as this describes efferent nerves which carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. Choice C, 'Carrying impulses to the motor neurons of the appendicular muscles,' is incorrect as it describes a different type of nerve function. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is incorrect as the correct definition of afferent nerve is indeed 'Carrying an impulse to the brain.'
Which of the following is an example of client handling equipment?
- A. Wheelchair
- B. Height-adjustable bed
- C. Shower chair
- D. Call light
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Client handling equipment is designed to reduce stress and workload on healthcare professionals who assist, turn, or lift clients, aiming to decrease the risk of injuries from improper lifting techniques. A height-adjustable bed is a prime example of client handling equipment as it allows healthcare providers to raise the client to a suitable working height, facilitating care provision. Choices A, C, and D are not examples of client handling equipment. While a wheelchair, shower chair, and call light are essential in client care settings, they are not intended to aid in handling and lifting clients.
During an initial assessment interview, which statement made by a patient should serve as the priority focus for the plan of care?
- A. "I can always trust my family."?
- B. "It seems like I always have bad luck."?
- C. "You never know who will turn against you."?
- D. "I hear evil voices that tell me to do bad things."?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The statement about hearing evil voices indicates that the patient is experiencing auditory hallucinations, which is a significant symptom that requires immediate attention and intervention. This symptom can be associated with serious mental health conditions like psychosis. Choices A, B, and C are more general statements that do not provide specific information about the patient's mental health status or symptoms, making them less urgent and not as critical for the plan of care compared to the presence of auditory hallucinations.
Which of the following questions is considered open-ended?
- A. What time did you last take your medications?
- B. Are you feeling okay right now?
- C. Please describe your symptoms.
- D. What day are you available for a follow-up appointment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Please describe your symptoms.' This question is considered open-ended because it encourages the respondent to provide a detailed and descriptive answer, fostering a more elaborate response. Open-ended questions are designed to prompt thoughtful and detailed responses. Choice A is a closed-ended question since it seeks a specific time for the medication intake. Choice B is also closed-ended as it can be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no,' limiting the response. Choice D is closed-ended as it requests a specific day for the follow-up appointment, restricting the range of possible responses.
In a 68-year-old man, a gradual loss of hearing is known as _____________.
- A. presbycusis
- B. xerostomia
- C. myopia
- D. presbyopia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'presbycusis.' Presbycusis is the age-related gradual loss of hearing ability, commonly seen in the elderly population. Xerostomia refers to dry mouth, myopia is nearsightedness, and presbyopia is the age-related loss of the eye's ability to focus on close objects. Given Mr. Roberts' age and symptom of gradual hearing loss, presbycusis is the most likely diagnosis. Xerostomia, myopia, and presbyopia do not match the sensory change described in the question, making them incorrect choices.