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When performing CPR on an infant with suspected sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), an important aspect to consider is:
- A. Focusing all of your attention on the infant, with minimal parental interaction.
- B. Carefully inspecting the environment in which the infant was found.
- C. Understanding that most infants with SIDS can be successfully resuscitated.
- D. Encouraging the presence of the parents during your resuscitation attempt.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When dealing with a suspected case of SIDS, it is crucial to carefully inspect the environment in which the infant was found. This inspection can provide valuable information that may help determine the cause and support further investigation into the incident. By examining the surroundings, potential hazards or clues related to the sudden event may be identified, aiding in understanding the circumstances and potentially preventing similar incidents in the future.
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In which of the following situations would the EMT MOST likely deliver a baby at the scene?
- A. A tornado has struck and blocked the only route to the hospital.
- B. Contractions are 8 to 10 minutes apart and irregular.
- C. The amniotic sac has ruptured, and contractions occur regularly.
- D. The hospital is 15 miles away, and crowning is not present.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The EMT may be required to deliver a baby at the scene when external factors like a tornado have blocked the only route to the hospital, making it impossible to reach the medical facility in time for delivery. In such emergencies, the EMT must be prepared to manage the childbirth process until further medical assistance can be obtained.
A 4-year-old boy ingested an unknown quantity of drain cleaner. He is alert, has a patent airway, and has adequate breathing. You should:
- A. administer 1 g/kg of activated charcoal.
- B. give 15 mL of ipecac and contact medical control.
- C. contact poison control and give him oxygen.
- D. give oxygen and perform a head-to-toe exam.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a child ingests a harmful substance like drain cleaner and remains alert with a patent airway and adequate breathing, the initial steps involve contacting poison control to guide further management. In this scenario, providing oxygen to support respiratory function is essential until definitive care is established. Activated charcoal and ipecac are not recommended in the management of ingested caustic substances like drain cleaner. Performing a head-to-toe exam can wait until the child's immediate respiratory needs are addressed and the poison control center has provided guidance on further management.
During the 5-minute Apgar assessment of a newborn, you note a heart rate of 130 beats/min, cyanosis in the hands and feet, and rapid respirations. The baby cries when you flick the soles of its feet and resists leg straightening. These findings correspond to an Apgar score of:
- A. 9
- B. 7
- C. 8
- D. 10
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Apgar score is a rapid assessment tool to evaluate the newborn's transition to life outside the womb. The Apgar score is based on five components: heart rate (>100 bpm), respiratory effort (rapid breathing), muscle tone (resisting leg straightening), reflex irritability (crying when feet are flicked), and color (cyanosis to extremities). The described findings match a score of 9, indicating good overall condition and adaptation to extrauterine life.
A 3-year-old child has a sudden onset of respiratory distress. The mother denies any recent illnesses or fever. You should suspect:
- A. croup.
- B. foreign body airway obstruction.
- C. lower respiratory infection.
- D. epiglottitis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a 3-year-old child with a sudden onset of respiratory distress and no recent illnesses or fever, the likely cause is a foreign body airway obstruction. Foreign body obstruction can lead to sudden respiratory distress without other preceding symptoms. It is crucial to consider this possibility and act promptly to clear the airway in such cases to prevent serious complications.
Why is a prolapsed umbilical cord dangerous?
- A. The cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation.
- B. The cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery.
- C. The baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen.
- D. The mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen. This compression can lead to oxygen deprivation, potentially causing significant harm to the baby. Immediate medical intervention is crucial in such cases to prevent adverse outcomes.