Nokea
When picked up by a parent or the nurse, an 8-month-old infant screams and seems to be in pain. After observing this behavior, what should the nurse discuss with the parent?
- A. Accidents and the importance of preventing them
- B. Limiting the infant's playtime with other children in the family
- C. Any other behaviors that the parent may have noticed
- D. Nutrition and specific vitamins recommended for infants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Discussing any other observed behaviors with the parent is important to identify patterns or potential issues that could be affecting the infant's well-being. By exploring additional behaviors, the nurse can gather more information to assess the infant comprehensively. This approach allows for a more holistic understanding of the infant's health status, rather than focusing solely on the observed behavior of screaming and apparent pain. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the need to explore other behaviors that may provide insights into the infant's condition and well-being.
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While assessing a child admitted for an asthma attack, a nurse in the emergency department observes large welts and scars on the child's back. What additional information must be included in the nurse's assessment?
- A. History of an injury
- B. Signs of child abuse
- C. Presence of food allergies
- D. Recent recovery from chickenpox
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Signs of child abuse. When a nurse observes large welts and scars on a child, it raises concern for possible child abuse. It is crucial for the nurse to assess further for signs of abuse, document findings, and report appropriately to protect the child. Choice A, history of an injury, is not specific to potential abuse and may not provide insight into the current situation. Choice C, presence of food allergies, is not directly related to the observed welts and scars. Choice D, recent recovery from chickenpox, is also unrelated to the signs of abuse and does not impact the immediate assessment of the child's safety.
At 7 AM, a healthcare professional receives the information that an adolescent with diabetes has a 6:30 AM fasting blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL. What is the priority nursing action at this time?
- A. Encourage the adolescent to start exercising.
- B. Ask the adolescent to obtain an immediate glucometer reading.
- C. Inform the adolescent that a complex carbohydrate such as cheese should be eaten.
- D. Tell the adolescent that the prescribed dose of rapid-acting insulin should be administered.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct priority nursing action in this situation is to administer the prescribed dose of rapid-acting insulin. Rapid-acting insulin is necessary to help lower the elevated blood glucose level quickly, thereby preventing potential complications of hyperglycemia. Encouraging exercise, obtaining a glucometer reading, or suggesting consumption of complex carbohydrates like cheese may not address the immediate need to bring down the high blood glucose level effectively. Exercise could potentially raise blood glucose levels, obtaining a glucometer reading may delay necessary treatment, and consuming complex carbohydrates can further elevate blood glucose levels in this scenario.
A 2-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. What is the primary goal of therapy during the acute phase?
- A. Preventing coronary artery aneurysms
- B. Reducing fever
- C. Improving cardiac function
- D. Preventing dehydration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary goal of therapy during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease is to prevent coronary artery aneurysms, which are a serious complication of this condition. Coronary artery aneurysms can lead to long-term cardiovascular issues, making prevention crucial. While reducing fever and improving cardiac function are important aspects of managing Kawasaki disease, the primary focus in the acute phase is on preventing coronary artery aneurysms. Dehydration prevention is also essential but not the primary goal during the acute phase of this disease.
When describing urticaria, what would an instructor include?
- A. It is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
- B. Histamine release leads to vasodilation.
- C. Wheals appear first followed by erythema.
- D. The nonpruritic rash blanches with pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Urticaria is a type I hypersensitivity reaction where histamine release leads to vasodilation and the formation of characteristic wheals. Choice A is incorrect as urticaria is associated with type I hypersensitivity, not type IV. Choice C is incorrect because in urticaria, erythema typically appears before the development of wheals. Choice D is incorrect as urticaria is typically pruritic and does not blanch with pressure.
The nurse is providing care to a child with a long-leg hip spica cast. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
- A. Risk for impaired skin integrity due to cast and location.
- B. Deficient knowledge related to cast care.
- C. Risk for delayed development related to immobility.
- D. Self-care deficit related to immobility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Risk for impaired skin integrity due to cast and location. When caring for a child with a long-leg hip spica cast, the priority nursing diagnosis is the risk for impaired skin integrity. This is because the child's limited mobility and the pressure from the cast can lead to skin breakdown and complications. Choice B is incorrect as while education is essential, it is not the priority when immediate physical risks are present. Choice C is incorrect because while immobility can impact development, the immediate concern is preventing complications from the cast. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on self-care deficits rather than the physical risk of skin integrity issues.