ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation Related

Review ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation related questions and content

When planning the care of a patient with a fluid imbalance, the nurse understands that in the human body, water
and electrolytes move from the arterial capillary bed to the interstitial fluid. What causes this to occur?

  • A. Active transport of hydrogen ions across the capillary walls
  • B. Pressure of the blood in the renal capillaries
  • C. Action of the dissolved particles contained in a unit of blood
  • D. Hydrostatic pressure resulting from the pumping action of the heart
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D. Hydrostatic pressure resulting from the pumping action of the heart causes water and electrolytes to move from the arterial capillary bed to the interstitial fluid. This occurs due to the force exerted by the heart's pumping action, pushing fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial space. This process is known as filtration and is essential for maintaining fluid balance in the body.

Summary of other choices:
A: Active transport of hydrogen ions does not directly cause the movement of water and electrolytes between capillaries and interstitial fluid.
B: The pressure in renal capillaries specifically relates to the kidneys, not the general movement of water and electrolytes in the body.
C: The dissolved particles in blood do not directly contribute to the movement of water and electrolytes between capillaries and interstitial fluid.

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. A nurse is planning care for a nephrology patient with a new nursing graduate. The nurse states, A patient in
renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes in pH. What is the cause of this partial inability?

  • A. The kidneys regulate and reabsorb carbonic acid to change and maintain pH.
  • B. The kidneys buffer acids through electrolyte changes
  • C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
  • D. The kidneys combine carbonic acid and bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because in renal failure, the kidneys lose the ability to regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate, which is essential for maintaining a stable pH level in the body. B is incorrect because the kidneys primarily regulate pH by controlling bicarbonate levels, not through electrolyte changes. A is incorrect because the kidneys do not regulate carbonic acid in the same way. D is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the process of pH regulation in the kidneys.

You are caring for a patient admitted with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury. When you review your patients most recent laboratory reports, you note that the patients magnesium levels are high. You should prioritize assessment for which of the followin

  • A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
  • B. Tachycardia
  • C. Cool, clammy skin
  • D. Acute flank pain
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: High magnesium levels can lead to hypermagnesemia, which can cause decreased neuromuscular function.
Step 2: Diminished deep tendon reflexes are a sign of neuromuscular impairment, indicating potential hypermagnesemia.
Step 3: Assessing for diminished deep tendon reflexes is crucial to monitor neuromuscular function in patients with high magnesium levels.
Summary: A is correct because hypermagnesemia affects neuromuscular function. B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the effects of high magnesium levels.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is admitted with moderate dehydration. Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent injury while in the hospital?

  • A. Ask family members to speak quietly to keep the client calm.
  • B. Assess urine color, amount, and specific gravity each day.
  • C. Encourage the client to drink at least 1 liter of fluids each shift.
  • D. Dangle the client on the bedside before ambulating.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because dangling the client on the bedside before ambulating helps prevent orthostatic hypotension and potential falls. This step allows the nurse to assess the client's tolerance to changes in position and reduces the risk of injury.

A: Asking family members to speak quietly does not directly address the prevention of injury related to dehydration.
B: Assessing urine parameters is important for monitoring hydration status but does not directly prevent injury.
C: Encouraging fluid intake is important for rehydration but does not directly address the risk of injury during ambulation.

A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that inhibits aldosterone secretion and release. For which potential complications should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Urine output of 25 mL/hr
  • B. Serum potassium level of 5.4 mEq/L
  • C. Blood osmolality of 250 mOsm/L
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why option A is correct:
1. Inhibition of aldosterone secretion leads to decreased sodium reabsorption and increased water excretion.
2. Decreased aldosterone can result in decreased blood volume and BP, leading to decreased urine output.
3. Monitoring urine output is crucial to assess renal function and fluid balance.
4. A urine output of 25 mL/hr is considered inadequate and can indicate renal impairment or dehydration.

Summary:
Option A is correct as it directly relates to the mechanism of action of inhibiting aldosterone secretion. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the expected complications of aldosterone inhibition.

A nurse assesses a client who is experiencing an acid-base imbalance. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.34, PaO2 88 mm Hg, PaCO2 38 mm Hg, and HCO3 19 mEq/L. Which assessment should the nurse perform first?

  • A. . Cardiac rate and rhythm
  • B. Skin and mucous membranes
  • C. Musculoskeletal strength
  • D. Level of orientation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiac rate and rhythm. In an acid-base imbalance, the pH is below the normal range indicating acidosis. The nurse should assess the cardiac rate and rhythm first because acidosis can have negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Acidosis can lead to arrhythmias and decreased cardiac output. Monitoring the cardiac rate and rhythm is crucial to detect any cardiac complications early. Choices B, C, and D are not the priority in this situation as they are not directly impacted by acid-base imbalances.

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