Nokea
When positioning the patient after a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach, it is important that the nurse maintain the affected extremity in what position?
- A. Adduction and flexion
- B. Abduction and extension
- C. Abduction and internal rotation
- D. Adduction and external rotation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abduction and extension prevent dislocation.
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Cell bodies for the motor supply of the trigeminal nerve lie
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Midbrain
- C. Posterior to cerebral aqueduct
- D. Cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is located in the midbrain. It supplies muscles of mastication, such as the masseter and temporalis.
Which signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity?
- A. epinephrine
- B. norepinephrine
- C. acetylcholine
- D. adrenaline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating digestive activity by increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes and promoting smooth muscle contractions. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline are stress hormones that inhibit digestive activity by diverting blood flow away from the digestive system and prioritizing other physiological responses. Therefore, acetylcholine is the most likely signaling molecule to increase digestive activity compared to the other choices.
The ability to respond to a stimulus is termed:
- A. polarized
- B. irritability
- C. depolarized
- D. conductivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Irritability is the ability of a neuron or cell to respond to a stimulus. Polarization and depolarization refer to the electrical state of the membrane, conductivity refers to the ability to transmit signals, and all-or-none response refers to the nature of action potentials. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
A person who experiences an aura as part of his/her seizure pattern should be instructed to
- A. lie down in a safe place
- B. take additional anticonvulsant medication
- C. call an ambulance
- D. exercise vigorously
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lying down in a safe place can prevent injury during a seizure.
Vasodilators produced by the endothelium include:
- A. endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)
- B. nitric oxide (NO)
- C. prostacyclin (PGL2)
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The endothelium produces vasodilators such as EDRF (which includes NO) and prostacyclin (PGL2). These substances help regulate vascular tone and blood flow.