Nokea
When preparing the client for catheterization, how should the nurse position the client?
- A. Lithotomy position
- B. Recumbent
- C. Knee-chest position
- D. Prone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The lithotomy position provides optimal access to the urethral meatus for catheterization in female clients.
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The laboratory data reveal a calcium phosphate renal stone for a client diagnosed with renal calculi. Which discharge teaching intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Encourage the client to eat a low-purine diet and limit foods such as organ meats.
- B. Explain the importance of not drinking water two (2) hours before bedtime.
- C. Discuss the importance of limiting vitamin D-enriched foods.
- D. Prepare the client for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium phosphate stones are linked to hypercalciuria. Limiting vitamin D-enriched foods reduces calcium absorption, preventing recurrence. Low-purine diets are for uric acid stones, water restriction is contraindicated, and ESWL is a treatment, not teaching.
When the nurse inspects the client's urine specimen, which finding best indicates that the urine contains red blood cells?
- A. The urine appears cloudy.
- B. The urine appears smoky.
- C. The urine appears bright orange.
- D. The urine appears dark yellow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoky urine is indicative of hematuria (red blood cells in the urine), a common finding in glomerulonephritis due to kidney inflammation.
The client with CKD is placed on a fluid restriction of 1,500 mL/day. On the 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. shift the client drank an eight (8)-ounce cup of coffee, 4 ounces of juice, 12 ounces of tea, and 2 ounces of water with medications. What amount of fluid can the 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. nurse give to the client?
Correct Answer: 720 mL
Rationale: Convert ounces to mL (1 oz ≈ 30 mL): Coffee: 8 oz = 240 mL, Juice: 4 oz = 120 mL, Tea: 12 oz = 360 mL, Water: 2 oz = 60 mL. Total consumed: 240 + 120 + 360 + 60 = 780 mL. Daily limit: 1,500 mL. Remaining: 1,500 - 780 = 720 mL.
Immediately after the dialysate solution has been instilled, which nursing action is correct?
- A. Clamping the tubing from the infusion
- B. Draining the infused dialysate solution
- C. Restricting the client's movement as much as possible
- D. Encouraging the client to drink fluids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clamping the tubing after instillation allows the dialysate to dwell, facilitating the exchange of waste products.
Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement for the client diagnosed with rule-out renal calculi?
- A. Assess the client’s neurological status every two (2) hours.
- B. Strain all urine and send any sediment to the laboratory.
- C. Monitor the client’s creatinine and BUN levels.
- D. Take a 24-hour dietary recall during the client interview.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Straining urine to capture stones or sediment is critical for diagnosing renal calculi, as it confirms the presence and type of stones. Neurological status, lab monitoring, and dietary recall are secondary.