Nokea
When preparing the patient for suctioning, what is the FIRST step?
- A. Perform hand hygiene
- B. Gather equipment
- C. Assess lung sounds, heart rate and rhythm
- D. Check physician's order and patient care plan
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Before any procedure, it is crucial to ensure that you have the proper authorization and guidelines in place. By checking the physician's order and the patient care plan, you confirm that suctioning is indeed needed and that you follow the specific instructions for that patient. This step helps ensure patient safety and effective care delivery. Once you have verified this information, you can proceed with gathering equipment, performing hand hygiene, and assessing the patient's condition as necessary.
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This condition has difficulty in progressing stimuli and new information. Alzheimer`s is the most common form of which of these?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Malnutrition
- C. Psychosis
- D. Dementia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability that becomes severe enough to interfere with daily life. It can affect memory, thinking skills, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. Alzheimer's disease specifically is a progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and eventually impairs the ability to carry out simple tasks. Therefore, the provided condition of having difficulty in processing stimuli and new information aligns with the symptoms commonly seen in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
Which of the following is a common cause of secondary osteoporosis?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis
- B. Paget's disease of bone
- C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
- D. Marfan syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is a common cause of secondary osteoporosis. Chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis can lead to bone loss due to increased osteoclast activity and decreased bone formation. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at an increased risk for developing osteoporosis, resulting in decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. Monitoring and managing bone health is an important aspect of care for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis to help prevent osteoporosis-related complications.
A patient presents with flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen. Imaging reveals a solid renal mass with calcifications. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
- A. Renal cell carcinoma
- B. Renal cyst
- C. Pyelonephritis
- D. Renal abscess
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen is characteristic of renal cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma is a common type of kidney cancer that often presents with these symptoms. The presence of a solid renal mass with calcifications on imaging further supports this diagnosis, as renal cell carcinoma is known to have this appearance on imaging studies. It is important to promptly evaluate and manage patients with suspected renal cell carcinoma to optimize outcomes.
A pregnant woman presents with fever, chills, and abdominal pain localized to the right lower quadrant. On examination, she has rebound tenderness and guarding. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. Acute appendicitis
- D. Ovarian torsion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute appendicitis is the most likely cause of the symptoms described in the pregnant woman. The classic presentation of acute appendicitis includes fever, chills, abdominal pain localized to the right lower quadrant, rebound tenderness, and guarding. Pregnant women are at a slightly higher risk of developing appendicitis due to anatomic changes and increased abdominal pressure during pregnancy, which can lead to an atypical presentation of symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial to prevent complications such as perforation, which can be detrimental for both the mother and the fetus.
Nurse Angie added that oral contraceptives also contains progesterone. Which of the following is the action of progesterone in contraception? It inhibits _______.
- A. Testosterone production
- B. GnRH thereby inhibiting FSH and LH productions.
- C. Luteinising Hormone (LH) thereby inhibiting ovulation.
- D. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) thereby inhibiting maturation of ovum.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Progesterone in oral contraceptives works primarily by inhibiting ovulation. It suppresses the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, which is essential for triggering the release of an egg (ovulation) from the ovary. By blocking ovulation, progesterone helps prevent pregnancy by making it less likely for a mature egg to be available for fertilization. This mechanism of action is a key factor in the effectiveness of progesterone-containing contraceptives in preventing pregnancy.