Nokea
When preparing your pediatric patient for his cardiac assessment, which element would you start with for the assessment?
- A. Assess peripheral pulses
- B. Auscultate heart rate and rhythm
- C. Evaluate chest rise
- D. Palpate liver margins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Auscultate heart rate and rhythm. This is the first step in a pediatric cardiac assessment because it provides crucial information about the heart's function. Listening to the heart helps identify any abnormalities in heart sounds, such as murmurs or irregular rhythms, which can indicate underlying cardiac issues. Assessing peripheral pulses (choice A) may be important but comes after evaluating the heart. Evaluating chest rise (choice C) is important for respiratory assessment, not specifically for cardiac assessment. Palpating liver margins (choice D) is more relevant for assessing hepatomegaly, not typically the initial step in a cardiac assessment.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is a serious complication of acute rheumatic fever?
- A. Seizures
- B. Coronary aneurysms
- C. Pulmonary hypertension
- D. Cardiac valve damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiac valve damage. Acute rheumatic fever can lead to inflammation of the heart valves, causing damage and leading to conditions like mitral stenosis or regurgitation. This occurs due to an autoimmune response triggered by a previous streptococcal infection. Choice A, seizures, is not typically associated with acute rheumatic fever. Choice B, coronary aneurysms, is more commonly linked to conditions like Kawasaki disease. Choice C, pulmonary hypertension, is not a typical complication of acute rheumatic fever. Thus, the correct answer is D, as it aligns with the known pathophysiology of the disease.
A six-year-old is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Preoperative teaching should be:
- A. Directed to the parents because the patient is too young to understand
- B. Detailed regarding the actual procedure so the patient will know what to expect
- C. Completed several days prior to the procedure so the patient will be prepared
- D. Adapted to the patient's development level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because preoperative teaching for a six-year-old undergoing cardiac catheterization should be adapted to the patient's development level. This is crucial as it ensures the information is communicated in a way that the child can comprehend and reduces anxiety. Providing information at the appropriate developmental stage helps the child feel more prepared and less fearful. Choice A is incorrect as children as young as six can understand basic concepts with appropriate communication techniques. Choice B may overwhelm the child with unnecessary details. Choice C is incorrect because waiting too long to provide information may increase anxiety.
The nurse is educating parents of a sickle cell patient regarding infection prevention. Which statement best indicates the parent understands the child's risk for infection?
- A. If the child has a fever, they need to stay home from school
- B. Antibiotics should be administered sparingly to prevent resistant infections in this population
- C. Children with sickle cell disease are at risk for infection due to impaired splenic function
- D. If the child is showing signs of crisis, a cup of hot tea can prevent the red blood cells from clumping rapidly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Children with sickle cell disease are at risk for infection due to impaired splenic function. This is because the spleen plays a crucial role in fighting infections, and individuals with sickle cell disease often have impaired splenic function, making them more susceptible to infections.
Explanation for other choices:
A: If the child has a fever, they need to stay home from school - While it is important for sickle cell patients to avoid exposure to infections, staying home from school only when the child has a fever does not address the overall risk of infection in these patients.
B: Antibiotics should be administered sparingly to prevent resistant infections in this population - While antibiotic resistance is a concern, the statement does not specifically address the child's risk for infection due to impaired splenic function.
D: If the child is showing signs of crisis, a cup of hot tea can prevent the red blood cells from clumping rapidly - This statement is incorrect as hot tea does not prevent
A 16-year-old with a chronic illness has recently become rebellious and is taking risks such as missing doses of his medication. What is the best explanation for this behavior?
- A. The child needs more discipline
- B. The child needs more socialization with peers
- C. The child is exhibiting normal adolescent behavior
- D. The child is demonstrating a need for more parental control
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The child is exhibiting normal adolescent behavior. Adolescence is a period of identity formation, autonomy-seeking, and risk-taking. It is common for teenagers to rebel against authority figures, including parents and healthcare providers, as they strive for independence and self-discovery. This rebellious behavior, such as missing medication doses, can be a way for the teenager to assert control over their own life and make their own decisions. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize this normal developmental stage and approach the situation with understanding and support rather than punitive measures.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: The child needing more discipline implies that the behavior is solely due to a lack of control or structure, which overlooks the developmental aspect of adolescence.
B: While socialization with peers is important, it may not address the underlying reasons for the rebellious behavior.
D: Imposing more parental control may exacerbate the rebellion and hinder the adolescent's autonomy development.
The nurse is providing education to parents of a toddler that will receive an iron supplement to treat iron deficiency anaemia. Which statement indicates the parents need further teaching?
- A. It's important to rinse my baby's mouth out with water immediately after giving her the iron
- B. We need to store the iron in a safe place because an accidental overdose can be toxic to the baby
- C. If we notice dark green stools, we should immediately notify the doctor.
- D. A good way to prevent iron deficiency anaemia is to limit the baby's milk consumption to 32 ounces per day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. If parents notice dark green stools after giving iron supplements, it is actually a common and harmless side effect due to the iron's color. They do not need to immediately notify the doctor unless there are other concerning symptoms. Rinsing the baby's mouth after giving iron (A) is important to prevent staining. Storing iron safely (B) is crucial to prevent accidental ingestion. Limiting milk consumption (D) is recommended as excessive milk can hinder iron absorption.