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When recommending dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) to treat motion sickness, patients should be instructed to:
- A. Take the dimenhydrinate after they get nauseated
- B. Drink lots of water while taking the dimenhydrinate
- C. Take the dimenhydrinate 15 minutes before it is needed
- D. Double the dose if one tablet is not effective
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dimenhydrinate is most effective taken 15-30 minutes before motion to prevent nausea; post-nausea , hydration , or doubling are less optimal.
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A nurse is caring for a child on the pediatric unit. A drug is ordered for the child, but no pediatric dose is listed for the drug. To make sure that the right dose has been ordered, what will the nurse use to calculate the correct dose?
- A. Surface area
- B. Height
- C. Birth date
- D. Adult dosage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pediatric doses are often calculated using body surface area for accuracy, especially when no specific pediatric dose is provided.
A patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus begins gaining weight after several months of therapy with an oral antidiabetic agent. A complete workup indicates edema and other signs and symptoms of heart failure. Which of the following antidiabetic drug or group was the most likely cause?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Biguanides
- C. Glitazones (thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone)
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glitazones like rosiglitazone can cause fluid retention and weight gain, increasing the risk of heart failure.
Being competent in the use of information technology in clinical practice is expected in professional nurses. Advanced practice competence includes the ability to:
- A. Search for information using the most common search engines
- B. Serve as content experts in developing, implementing, and evaluating information systems
- C. Write programs to assure the integrity of health information
- D. Use information technology to prescribe drugs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Advanced practice nurses contribute expertise in IT system development and evaluation.
After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the nurse know?
- A. Everything necessary for safe and effective medication administration
- B. Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require ongoing education for 5 years.
- C. General drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for specific drug information.
- D. The drug actions that are associated with each classification of medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After completing a pharmacology course nurses will have general drug information needed for safe and effective medication administration but will need to consult a drug guide for specific drug information before administering any medication. Pharmacology is constantly changing, with new drugs entering the market and new uses for existing drugs identified. Continuing education in pharmacology is essential to safe practice. Nurses tend to become familiar with the medications they administer most often, but there will always be a need to research new drugs and also those the nurse is not familiar with because no nurse knows all medications.
James has hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression from chronic prednisone (a corticosteroid) use. He is at risk for what type of adverse drug reaction?
- A. Type B
- B. Type C
- C. Type E
- D. Type F
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic prednisone use causing HPA suppression is a Type C (chronic) ADR , linked to prolonged exposure, not idiosyncratic , withdrawal , or failure .