Nokea
When reviewing the health history of an older adult with a hip fracture, what should a nurse identify as a risk factor for developing pressure injuries?
- A. Malnutrition
- B. Poor hygiene
- C. Urinary incontinence
- D. Immobility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urinary incontinence is a risk factor for skin breakdown, which can lead to the development of pressure injuries. While malnutrition, poor hygiene, and immobility are important considerations in overall patient care, they are not specifically identified as significant risk factors for pressure injuries in this scenario.
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A nurse is monitoring a client receiving intermittent enteral feedings. What should the nurse identify as a sign of intolerance to the feeding?
- A. Decreased heart rate
- B. Nausea
- C. Fever
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nausea is a common sign of intolerance to enteral feedings and should be addressed promptly. Nausea can indicate various issues such as feeding intolerance, formula composition problems, or underlying medical conditions. Decreased heart rate, fever, and weight gain are not typical signs of feeding intolerance. Decreased heart rate and fever may indicate other medical conditions, while weight gain is not an immediate sign of intolerance to enteral feedings.
A nurse is assessing a client who reports pain at the site of a peripheral IV. The site is red and warm. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Flush the IV line with saline
- B. Discontinue the IV infusion
- C. Apply a cold compress
- D. Increase the IV flow rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to discontinue the IV infusion. The signs of redness and warmth at the IV site indicate phlebitis, an inflammation of the vein. Discontinuing the IV infusion is crucial to prevent further complications such as infection or thrombosis. Flushing the IV line with saline would not address the underlying issue of phlebitis. Applying a cold compress may provide temporary relief but does not address the cause. Increasing the IV flow rate can exacerbate the inflammation and should be avoided.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension. What instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Reduce sodium intake to 4 grams per day
- B. Avoid foods high in potassium
- C. Take prescribed antihypertensive medications daily
- D. Limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Take prescribed antihypertensive medications daily.' When providing discharge teaching to a client with hypertension, one of the key instructions is to ensure the consistent intake of prescribed antihypertensive medications. This is crucial for controlling blood pressure levels and reducing the risk of complications associated with hypertension. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because reducing sodium intake, avoiding foods high in potassium, and limiting fluid intake are important dietary modifications for various health conditions, but they are not the priority when it comes to managing hypertension. The primary focus should be on medication adherence to effectively manage hypertension.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a narcotic medication. After administration, what should the nurse do with the unused portion?
- A. Document the amount wasted
- B. Store it for later use
- C. Discard it with another nurse as a witness
- D. Return it to the pharmacy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After administering a narcotic medication, any unused portion should be discarded with another nurse as a witness. This procedure ensures proper disposal of controlled substances and prevents misuse or diversion. Storing it for later use (Choice B) is not appropriate due to safety concerns and legal regulations. Returning it to the pharmacy (Choice D) is also not recommended as the medication is already out of the pharmacy's control. Documenting the amount wasted (Choice A) is important for accurate record-keeping but does not address the immediate need for safe disposal of the unused narcotic medication.
A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about the importance of foot care by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Cut toenails straight across
- B. Wear shoes at all times
- C. Soak feet in hot water daily
- D. Apply lotion between the toes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Wear shoes at all times.' Clients with diabetes are at a higher risk of foot complications due to poor circulation and nerve damage. Wearing shoes at all times helps protect their feet from injuries. Choice A is incorrect because toenails should be cut straight across to prevent ingrown toenails. Choice C is incorrect as soaking feet in hot water can lead to burns or skin damage, especially for those with diabetes who may have reduced sensation. Choice D is incorrect because applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections.