Nokea
When screening families for post-traumatic stress disorder following a major natural disaster, psychiatric-mental health nurses are practicing which type of disease prevention?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Tertiary
- D. Universal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection (screening) to mitigate PTSD after exposure, unlike primary (prevention) or tertiary (rehabilitation).
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Vascular dementia is more common in individuals living in:
- A. The United States
- B. Japan
- C. France
- D. Australia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Japan. Vascular dementia is more common in countries with a high prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Japan has a high prevalence of these risk factors due to lifestyle factors and aging population. The other choices (A, C, D) do not have the same level of risk factors or population demographics as Japan, making them less likely to have a higher incidence of vascular dementia.
Which behaviors would indicate the need for further assessment to consider avoidant personality disorder?
- A. Withholding of feelings and low self-esteem
- B. Insistence on others conforming to own methods
- C. Engaging in impulsive acts like unsafe sex
- D. Initial charm dissolving into coldness and blaming others
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Withholding of feelings is a key feature of avoidant personality disorder, indicating difficulty in expressing emotions.
Step 2: Low self-esteem is also characteristic, as individuals with this disorder often feel inadequate and inferior.
Step 3: Insistence on others conforming to own methods (B) is more indicative of narcissistic personality disorder.
Step 4: Engaging in impulsive acts like unsafe sex (C) is more aligned with borderline personality disorder.
Step 5: Initial charm dissolving into coldness and blaming others (D) is a trait of antisocial personality disorder.
Which nursing intervention should be included in the care plan for a patient with anorexia nervosa who is at risk for refeeding syndrome?
- A. Refeed with high-calorie foods initially.
- B. Monitor serum electrolytes closely after refeeding begins.
- C. Increase fluid intake gradually over several days.
- D. Encourage early ambulation to prevent complications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor serum electrolytes closely after refeeding begins. Refeeding syndrome can occur in patients with anorexia nervosa when there is a rapid shift in electrolytes and fluid levels. Monitoring serum electrolytes closely after refeeding begins allows for early detection of any imbalances and prompt intervention. This helps prevent serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmias or neurological issues.
Choice A is incorrect because refeeding with high-calorie foods initially can exacerbate the risk of refeeding syndrome due to rapid changes in electrolyte levels. Choice C is incorrect as increasing fluid intake gradually may not directly address electrolyte imbalances. Choice D is incorrect as encouraging early ambulation is not directly related to preventing refeeding syndrome.
In south and east Asia, a man may experience Koro, which is
- A. schizophrenia
- B. insanity
- C. anxiety about his penis receding into his body
- D. depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Koro is a culture-bound syndrome involving intense anxiety that one's penis is retracting into the body.
A woman became severely depressed when the last of her six children moved out of the home 4 months ago. Since then she has neglected to care for herself, sleeps poorly, lost weight, and repeatedly states, "No one cares about me anymore. I'm worthless." After hospitalization, the nursing diagnosis of situational low self-esteem related to feelings of abandonment was identified. The nurse wishes to reinforce the patient's self-esteem by acknowledging the improvement in her personal appearance. She's wearing a new dress and has combed her hair. The most appropriate remark would be:
- A. You look very nice this morning, Mrs. J.
- B. I like the dress you're wearing, it's very pretty.
- C. What brought about this glamorous transformation?
- D. You've combed your hair and are wearing a new dress.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it directly compliments Mrs. J's personal appearance, reinforcing her self-esteem. By stating "You look very nice this morning, Mrs. J," the nurse acknowledges and validates Mrs. J's efforts to improve her appearance, which can help boost her self-esteem.
Choice B focuses solely on the dress, not directly addressing Mrs. J's overall appearance. Choice C may come across as insincere or too focused on the transformation rather than Mrs. J herself. Choice D, while acknowledging the hair and dress, lacks the personal and direct compliment needed to reinforce self-esteem effectively.
In summary, choice A is the best option as it provides a genuine and direct compliment that can positively impact Mrs. J's self-esteem.