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When studying vocabulary, a student notices that the words circumference, circumnavigate, and circumstance all begin with the prefix circum-. The student uses their knowledge of affixes to infer that all of these words share what related meaning?
- A. Around, surrounding
- B. Travel, transport
- C. Size, measurement
- D. Area, location
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The prefix circum- means 'around' or 'surrounding.' In words like circumference (the distance around a circle), circumnavigate (to travel around something), and circumstance (the conditions surrounding an event), the prefix implies the idea of being around or encompassing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the words do not primarily relate to travel, size, or area; instead, they share the common theme of being around or surrounding something.
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According to the prefix 'intra-,' which of the following is the best definition of the word 'intravenous'?
- A. Across veins
- B. Between veins
- C. Within veins
- D. Outside veins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The prefix 'intra-' means 'within,' so 'intravenous' refers to something within veins. Choice A, 'Across veins,' is incorrect as 'intra-' does not indicate movement across but within. Choice B, 'Between veins,' is incorrect because 'intra-' does not imply a relationship between two separate veins. Choice D, 'Outside veins,' is incorrect as 'intra-' signifies something inside or within, not outside.
Which of these examples shows incorrect use of subject-verb agreement?
- A. Neither of the cars is parked on the street.
- B. Both of my kids are going to camp this summer.
- C. Any of your friends are welcome to join us on the trip in November.
- D. Each of the clothing options is appropriate for the job interview.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sentence 'Neither of the cars is parked on the street' is incorrect in terms of subject-verb agreement. The subject 'Neither' is singular, so the verb should also be singular, which should be 'is' instead of 'are.' The correct sentence should be 'Neither of the cars is parked on the street.' Choices B, C, and D demonstrate correct subject-verb agreement. In choice B, 'Both' is plural and agrees with the plural verb 'are.' In choice C, 'Any' is singular and agrees with the singular verb 'are.' In choice D, 'Each' is singular and agrees with the singular verb 'is.'
I know you'll be busy on your trip, but will you send me a postcard from Germany?
- A. Period
- B. Colon
- C. Question mark
- D. Exclamation mark
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sentence is a direct question as the speaker is asking if the person will send a postcard from Germany. Therefore, the correct punctuation mark to use at the end of a question is a question mark. An exclamation mark (Choice D) is used to convey strong emotion or surprise, which is not the case here. A period (Choice A) is used for declarative statements. A colon (Choice B) is used to introduce a list or explanation, which is not needed in this context.
In which of the following situations is the inclusion of a citation necessary?
- A. The author is stating an opinion about a new biography of Abraham Lincoln.
- B. The author is describing a trip to Abraham Lincoln's birthplace.
- C. The author is quoting another author's opinion about a new biography of Abraham Lincoln.
- D. The author is describing a play she saw about Abraham Lincoln.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A citation is required when directly quoting another author's opinion to give credit and avoid plagiarism. Choices A, B, and D do not necessitate citations as they involve the author's own opinion, personal experience, and description of a play, respectively, without directly quoting another source.
She was really looking forward to the picnic, _________ she feared it might rain that afternoon. Which of the following transition words or phrases is more appropriate to complete the sentence above?
- A. after all
- B. likewise
- C. in other words
- D. although
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D' - 'although.' This transition word is suitable in the context as it indicates a contrast between the excitement of looking forward to the picnic and the worry about rain. 'After all' (choice A) implies a conclusion or reasoning, which doesn't fit the contrast in the sentence. 'Likewise' (choice B) suggests similarity or agreement, which is opposite to the intended contrast. 'In other words' (choice C) signals clarification or providing more details, which is not needed here. Therefore, 'although' is the best choice to convey the contrast between anticipation and concern.