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When teaching a patient who is beginning antilipemic therapy about possible drug-food interactions, the nurse will discuss which food?
- A. Bran muffins
- B. Grapefruit juice
- C. Licorice
- D. Dairy products
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4, which metabolizes statins, potentially increasing statin levels and toxicity risk, including rhabdomyolysis. Bran, licorice, and dairy products do not significantly interact with antilipemic drugs.
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A patient with elevated lipid levels has a new prescription for niacin. The nurse informs the patient that which adverse effects may occur with this medication?
- A. Pruritus, cutaneous flushing
- B. Tinnitus, urine with a burnt odor
- C. Myalgia, fatigue
- D. Blurred vision, headaches
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Niacin commonly causes pruritus and cutaneous flushing due to its vasodilatory effects. Tinnitus and urine odor are associated with bile acid sequestrants, myalgia and fatigue with statins, and blurred vision and headaches are not typical niacin adverse effects.
A patient reports having adverse effects with niacin. The prescriber has recommended which action to minimize these undesirable effects?
- A. Take the drug on an empty stomach.
- B. Take the medication every other day until the effects subside.
- C. Take an aspirin tablet 30 minutes before taking the drug.
- D. Take the drug with large amounts of fiber.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking aspirin 30 minutes before niacin can reduce cutaneous flushing by counteracting prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation. Taking niacin with meals, not on an empty stomach, and maintaining consistent dosing, not skipping days, are recommended. Fiber does not reduce niacin's adverse effects.
Antilipemic drug therapy is prescribed for a patient, and the nurse is providing instructions to the patient about the medication. Which instructions will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Limit fluid intake to prevent fluid overload.
- B. Eat extra servings of raw vegetables and fruit.
- C. Report abnormal or unusual bleeding or yellow discoloration of the skin.
- D. Report the occurrence of muscle pain immediately.
- E. Drug interactions are rare with antilipemics.
- F. Take the drug 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals to maximize absorption.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Instructions include eating raw vegetables and fruit to prevent constipation, reporting bleeding or jaundice (indicating liver issues), and reporting muscle pain (potential myopathy). Antilipemics have frequent drug interactions, and fluid intake should be encouraged, not limited. Taking with food may reduce GI distress, not before/after meals.
A patient calls the clinic office saying that the cholestyramine powder he started yesterday clumps and sticks to the glass when he tries to mix it. The nurse will suggest what method for mixing this medication for administration?
- A. Mix the powder in a carbonated soda drink to dissolve it faster.
- B. Add the powder to any liquid, and stir vigorously to dissolve it quickly.
- C. Mix the powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid.
- D. Sprinkle the powder into a spoon and take it dry, followed by a glass of water.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cholestyramine powder should be mixed with 4 to 6 ounces of fluid or food to ensure proper administration and prevent clumping. It should not be taken dry, and carbonated drinks or vigorous stirring alone are not recommended.
The nurse is conducting a class about antilipemic drugs. The antilipemic drug ezetimibe works by which mechanism?
- A. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
- B. Preventing resorption of bile acids from the small intestines
- C. Activating lipins, which breaks down cholesterol
- D. Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ezetimibe selectively inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, reducing circulating cholesterol levels. It does not inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, prevent bile acid resorption, or activate lipins.