Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

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A patient presents with sudden-onset unilateral facial droop, arm weakness, and slurred speech. Symptoms began approximately 30 minutes ago but have partially resolved since then. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
  • B. Ischemic stroke
  • C. Hemorrhagic stroke
  • D. Intracerebral hemorrhage
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation of sudden-onset unilateral facial droop, arm weakness, and slurred speech that partially resolved within 30 minutes is more consistent with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) rather than an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. TIAs are caused by temporary decreases in blood flow to a specific area of the brain, leading to transient neurological deficits that typically last for less than 24 hours. In this case, the symptoms partially resolving suggest a temporary and reversible ischemic event, characteristic of a TIA. Ischemic strokes involve more prolonged or permanent impairment due to blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain, while hemorrhagic strokes involve bleeding within the brain tissue or the surrounding membranes.

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In the tertiary hospital where the patient is referred , he was considered an emergency case. The nurse immediately call for a specialist who is ______.

  • A. Neurologist
  • B. Plebotomist
  • C. Urologist
  • D. Nephrologist
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the scenario described, the patient was considered an emergency case upon referral to the tertiary hospital. Since a specialist was immediately called for by the nurse, the most likely specialist needed in an emergency situation is a neurologist. Neurologists are physicians who specialize in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. In an emergency case where a patient's neurological condition needs urgent attention, a neurologist would be the most appropriate specialist to address the situation promptly and effectively.

Which is the MOST important criterion in budgeting?

  • A. Flexibility
  • B. Consistency
  • C. Standardized
  • D. Cost of effectiveness
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Flexibility is the most important criterion in budgeting because it allows for adjustments to be made as circumstances change. Budgeting is a dynamic process, and having a flexible budget enables organizations or individuals to adapt to unexpected changes in income or expenses. This helps in ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently and effectively to meet the overall financial goals. Consistency, standardization, and cost-effectiveness are also important considerations in budgeting, but flexibility is key to successfully managing financial resources in a changing environment.

Which of the following actions is appropriate for managing a conscious patient with a foreign object lodged in the eye?

  • A. Attempting to remove the object with tweezers.
  • B. Rinsing the eye with sterile saline solution.
  • C. Applying pressure to the eyelid to dislodge the object.
  • D. Placing a bandage over the affected eye.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When managing a conscious patient with a foreign object lodged in the eye, the appropriate action is to rinse the eye with sterile saline solution. This helps to flush out the foreign object and reduce the risk of further injury or infection. Attempting to remove the object with tweezers or applying pressure to the eyelid can potentially cause more harm to the eye. Placing a bandage over the affected eye is not beneficial in this situation as it does not address the presence of the foreign object. Rinsing the eye with sterile saline solution is the safest and most effective initial step to take in managing a foreign object lodged in the eye.

Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by the destruction of tooth structure due to exposure to acidic substances, such as gastric acid or acidic beverages?

  • A. Dental caries
  • B. Attrition
  • C. Abrasion
  • D. Erosion
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Erosion is the dental condition characterized by the destruction of tooth structure due to exposure to acidic substances, such as gastric acid from conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or acidic beverages like sodas and citrus fruits. This acidic attack softens and wears away the enamel, leading to the erosion of tooth structure. Unlike dental caries, which is caused by bacteria producing acid from sugars in the mouth, erosion is primarily a result of external acidic sources. Attrition refers to the wear of tooth structure from tooth-to-tooth contact, and abrasion refers to the wear of tooth structure due to forces like brushing too hard or using abrasive toothpaste.

The group was observant as to the activities taking place in the delivery room. One of the activities involved social processes, which can be better explored. Which of the following qualitative research method should be used?

  • A. Grounded theory
  • B. Descriptive Phenomenology
  • C. Historical research
  • D. Case study
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that focuses on generating theory from data rather than testing pre-existing theories. In this scenario, where the goal is to explore social processes observed in the delivery room activities, grounded theory would be the most appropriate method. This method allows researchers to systematically collect and analyze data in order to develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena. By using grounded theory, researchers can explore the interactions, behaviors, and social processes at play in the delivery room in a structured and systematic way, thereby gaining insights into these phenomena through an inductive approach.

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