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When the family of a client who has been diagnosed with a dementia secondary to normal pressure hydrocephalus asks the nurse about prognosis, the nurse should reply:
- A. Unfortunately the prognosis is for a downhill course ending in death.'
- B. There will be good days and bad days for the rest of the client's life.'
- C. The symptoms usually remit after a shunt is inserted to drain fluid.'
- D. We'll try our very best, but only time will tell how successful we are.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) symptoms typically improve after a shunt is inserted to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid, leading to a better prognosis. This intervention can help alleviate symptoms such as gait disturbances, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence associated with NPH.
Choice A is incorrect as it inaccurately states that the prognosis is inevitably poor, which is not true for NPH with appropriate treatment. Choice B is incorrect because NPH symptoms can be effectively managed with treatment, so it is not accurate to say that there will always be good and bad days for the rest of the client's life. Choice D is incorrect as it does not provide specific information about the positive impact of shunt insertion on NPH symptoms and prognosis.
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A patient has disorganized thinking associated with schizophrenia. Neuroimaging would most likely show dysfunction in which part of the brain?
- A. Hippocampus
- B. Frontal lobe
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Brainstem
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Frontal lobe. Disorganized thinking in schizophrenia is often associated with executive function deficits, which are primarily controlled by the frontal lobe. This area is responsible for decision-making, problem-solving, and reasoning. Dysfunction here can lead to disorganized thoughts and behaviors. The other choices, such as the hippocampus (A), involved in memory, the cerebellum (C), involved in motor coordination, and the brainstem (D), involved in basic life functions, are less likely to be directly related to disorganized thinking in schizophrenia.
In planning aftercare for a client with schizophrenia and whose insurance benefits have been exhausted, the nurse who is concerned about overcoming negative symptoms will make provisions for the client to have stimulation, structure, socialization, and support. Which option would best incorporate these factors?
- A. Day hospitalization
- B. Attending a psychosocial club
- C. Living with his elderly mother
- D. Spending free time in the mall
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Attending a psychosocial club. This option best incorporates the necessary factors of stimulation, structure, socialization, and support for the client with schizophrenia.
- Stimulation: Psychosocial clubs offer various activities to engage the client's mind and keep them occupied.
- Structure: These clubs usually have regular schedules and routines, providing the client with a sense of order and predictability.
- Socialization: Interacting with others in the club can help the client improve social skills and combat feelings of isolation.
- Support: Being part of a community in the club can provide emotional support and encouragement for the client.
Incorrect Choices:
- A: Day hospitalization may offer structure and support but may lack the socialization and stimulation provided by a psychosocial club.
- C: Living with his elderly mother may provide support but may not offer the necessary stimulation, structure, and socialization outside of the home environment.
- D: Spending free time in the mall may offer
In learning disabilities, the name for mathematical disorder is:
- A. Dyspraxia
- B. Dyslexia
- C. Dyscalculia
- D. Dysphasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mathematics Disorder (Dyscalculia): A specific learning disability characterised by mathematical ability being substantially below norm for chronological age, intelligence, and educational level.
A nurse and social worker co-lead a reminiscence group for eight old-old and centenarian adults. Which activity is appropriate to include in the group?
- A. Mild aerobic exercise
- B. Singing a song from World War II
- C. Discussing national leadership during the Vietnam War
- D. Identifying the most troubling story in today's newspaper
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Singing a song from World War II. This activity is appropriate because reminiscence therapy involves recalling past memories to enhance well-being in older adults. Singing a song from that era can help trigger positive emotions and memories for the participants.
A: Mild aerobic exercise may not be suitable for all participants due to physical limitations.
C: Discussing national leadership during the Vietnam War might evoke negative emotions or political disagreements.
D: Identifying the most troubling story in today's newspaper could lead to distress and is not conducive to the therapeutic nature of reminiscence therapy.
Which of the following is a common physical sign in patients with bulimia nervosa?
- A. Hypotension and bradycardia.
- B. Dental erosion and swollen parotid glands.
- C. Rapid weight gain and increased appetite.
- D. Severe muscle wasting and low body temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dental erosion and swollen parotid glands are common physical signs in patients with bulimia nervosa. Dental erosion is caused by repeated exposure of teeth to stomach acid during purging. Swollen parotid glands result from repeated vomiting. Hypotension and bradycardia (A) are more common in anorexia nervosa. Rapid weight gain and increased appetite (C) are not typical in bulimia nervosa; rather, patients often maintain a normal weight. Severe muscle wasting and low body temperature (D) are not commonly associated with bulimia nervosa.