Nokea
When the nurse is performing a genital examination on a male patient, which action is correct?
- A. Auscultating for the presence of a bruit over the scrotum
- B. Palpating for the vertical chain of lymph nodes along the groin, inferior to the inguinal ligament
- C. Palpating the inguinal canal only if a bulge is present in the inguinal region during inspection
- D. Having the patient shift his weight onto the left (unexamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Palpating for the vertical chain of lymph nodes along the groin, inferior to the inguinal ligament. This is the correct action during a male genital examination as it helps assess for any abnormalities or signs of infection in the lymphatic system. Palpating the lymph nodes allows the nurse to identify any swelling, tenderness, or enlargement which could indicate underlying health issues. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Auscultating for a bruit over the scrotum is not a standard practice during a genital examination and is not relevant to assessing male genital health.
C: Palpating the inguinal canal only if a bulge is present is incorrect as palpating the inguinal canal should be done regardless of the presence of a bulge to check for hernias.
D: Having the patient shift his weight is not a standard procedure during a genital examination and is not relevant to assessing male genital health.
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Where are the glomeruli and Bowman’s capsules found?
- A. Renal pelvis
- B. Ureter
- C. Renal cortex
- D. Renal column
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The glomeruli and Bowman's capsules are found in the renal cortex. The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney where the initial stages of urine formation occur. Glomeruli are clusters of capillaries responsible for filtering blood, while Bowman's capsules surround the glomeruli and collect the filtrate. The renal pelvis (A) is the innermost part of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter (B). Renal columns (D) are extensions of the renal cortex that project into the renal medulla. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately locates the structures involved in urine filtration.
Which of the following antimicrobial which acts by interfering with DNA function in the bacteria and can cure most cases of uncomplicated gonorrhea?:
- A. Chloramphenicol
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Streptomycin
- D. Erythromycin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that interferes with DNA function in bacteria by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. This mechanism of action prevents bacterial DNA replication and repair, leading to bacterial cell death. Ciprofloxacin is effective in treating gonorrhea due to its ability to target and kill Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacteria causing gonorrhea.
A: Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, not DNA function.
C: Streptomycin disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome, not DNA function.
D: Erythromycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome, not DNA function.
Red man syndrome has been associated with rapid intravenous injection of which of the following antibiotic?
- A. Vancomycin
- B. Clindamycin
- C. Cefoperazone
- D. Piperacillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vancomycin. Red man syndrome is a type of hypersensitivity reaction associated with rapid intravenous infusion of vancomycin. This is due to the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils. Vancomycin is known to cause this syndrome, while the other antibiotics listed do not have a similar association. Clindamycin is more commonly associated with pseudomembranous colitis, Cefoperazone with liver toxicity, and Piperacillin with hypersensitivity reactions like rash or anaphylaxis. Therefore, based on the mechanism of action and clinical evidence, vancomycin is the correct choice for causing red man syndrome.
A nurse is examining a 35-year-old female patient. During the health history, the nurse notices that she has had two term pregnancies, and both babies were delivered vaginally. During the internal examination, the nurse observes that the cervical os is a horizontal slit with some healed lacerations and that the cervix has some nabothian cysts that are small, smooth, and yellow. In addition, the nurse notices that the cervical surface is granular and red, especially around the os. Finally, the nurse notices the presence of stringy, opaque, odorless secretions. Which of these findings are abnormal?
- A. Nabothian cysts are present.
- B. The cervical os is a horizontal slit.
- C. The cervical surface is granular and red.
- D. Stringy, opaque secretions are present.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The cervical surface is granular and red. This finding indicates inflammation or infection, as a healthy cervix should appear smooth and pink. The presence of granular and red surface could suggest cervicitis or another underlying issue that needs further evaluation or treatment.
A: Nabothian cysts are present - This is a normal finding and does not indicate any abnormality or concern.
B: The cervical os is a horizontal slit - This is a normal anatomical variation and does not indicate any abnormality.
D: Stringy, opaque secretions are present - This can be a normal finding depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle and does not necessarily indicate an abnormality.
A 25-year-old woman is concerned about the possibility of an STI. The nurse asks about her sexual history and recommends that she be tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which of the following STIs can be detected through a Pap smear?
- A. Chlamydia.
- B. Gonorrhea.
- C. Trichomoniasis.
- D. HPV.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trichomoniasis. A Pap smear can detect abnormal changes in the cervix caused by Trichomoniasis, which is a common STI. The test can identify the presence of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The other choices, A: Chlamydia, B: Gonorrhea, and D: HPV, cannot be detected through a Pap smear as they require specific tests such as urine tests, swab tests, or blood tests. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are bacterial infections, while HPV is a viral infection that can lead to cervical cancer but is not detectable through a Pap smear alone.