Nokea
When the patient asks about the late effects of chemotherapy and high-dose radiation, what areas of teaching should the nurse plan to include when describing these effects?
- A. Third space syndrome
- B. Secondary malignancies
- C. Chronic nausea and vomiting
- D. Persistent myelosuppression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Late effects of chemotherapy and radiation include secondary malignancies due to long-term cellular damage.
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- A. Located outside the CNS
- B. Consists of Nerves and Ganglia
- C. Brain & Spinal cord
- D. A& b
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes nerves and ganglia, making choice B correct.
2. PNS is located outside the Central Nervous System (CNS), supporting choice A.
3. Since both A and B are accurate statements, the correct answer is D.
Summary:
- Choice A is correct because the PNS is located outside the CNS.
- Choice B is correct as the PNS includes nerves and ganglia.
- Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the CNS (Brain & Spinal cord).
An example of a recombinant vaccine is
- A. DPT (Diphteria/Pertussis/Tetanus)
- B. Hepatitis B
- C. BCG
- D. Measles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatitis B. Recombinant vaccines are made by inserting genetic material from a pathogen into another organism to stimulate an immune response. Hepatitis B vaccine is produced using recombinant DNA technology to create a non-infectious protein that triggers an immune response against the hepatitis B virus. DPT, BCG, and Measles vaccines are not examples of recombinant vaccines as they are made using different methods without genetic engineering.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs with rheumatoid arthritis and acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Type I or IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
- B. Type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
- C. Type III or immune-complex mediated hypersensitivity reaction
- D. Type IV or delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complexes depositing in tissues, leading to inflammation, as seen in rheumatoid arthritis and acute glomerulonephritis.
NAD and FAD are hydrogen carriers, but cytochromes are electron carriers in bacteria. What happens to the protons (Hâº) in electron transport chains?
- A. They go into solution inside the cytoplasm.
- B. They are taken back by NAD and FAD.
- C. They are carried from cytochromes to oxygen to form water.
- D. They go into solution outside the cytoplasmic membrane.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in the electron transport chain, protons (H⁺) are pumped across the membrane to create a proton gradient. This gradient is utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP. Therefore, protons go into solution outside the cytoplasmic membrane. Choices A and B are incorrect because protons do not simply stay in the cytoplasm or get taken back by NAD and FAD. Choice C is incorrect as protons do not directly form water when carried by cytochromes.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
- A. Plague or Black Death is the disease that devastated Europe in Medieval times (1350-1400) with about 50% of the European population having been wiped out.
- B. There are reports of Black Death dating as early as 1000 B.C. making plague probably the most ancient disease and the first recorded
- C. Plague is still endemic in some countries
- D. Plague can be cured with antibiotics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because there are no reports of the Black Death dating back to 1000 B.C. The Black Death specifically refers to the pandemic outbreak of the bubonic plague in the 14th century. The first recorded pandemic of the Black Death occurred in the 14th century, not in 1000 B.C. The other choices are incorrect because A is true as the Black Death did devastate Europe in the 14th century, C is true as plague is still present in some countries, and D is true as plague can be treated with antibiotics if caught early.