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When you care for a patient prior to surgery, one of your primary concerns is
- A. Researching the exact surgery that will take place.
- B. Ensuring that all preoperative orders are carried out correctly.
- C. Showing the family where to wait during the surgery.
- D. Explaining the surgical techniques that will be used with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring preoperative orders are followed is critical to prepare the patient safely for surgery. Researching surgery details, showing family waiting areas, or explaining techniques are not primary nursing responsibilities.
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A patient came to the ER complaining of pain in her elbow after a fall. The x-ray shows fractured ulna at the olecranon process. There is also a suspected fracture of the radius. Which diagnostic test would be most helpful in determining a complete diagnosis?
- A. CT scan
- B. MRI
- C. Bone scan
- D. Electromyelogram
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A CT scan provides detailed imaging of bones, making it ideal for confirming suspected fractures like the radius fracture. MRI is better for soft tissue, bone scans for bone activity, and electromyelograms assess nerve function.
A patient has had reconstructive surgery on her right foot and must be non-weight-bearing for 6 to 8 weeks. She has problems with balance at times. Which device(s) would be most helpful to her during this period?
- A. Knee walker
- B. Crutches
- C. Wheeled walker
- D. Abductor pillow
- E. Splint
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: A knee walker or wheeled walker supports non-weight-bearing mobility and balance. Crutches are less stable for patients with balance issues.
You know a patient's crutches fit correctly when
- A. There is a three-fingerbreadth gap of space between the axillary pad and the patient's axilla.
- B. There is a slight bend in the patient's elbows when standing with the crutches next to his or her feet.
- C. The crutches fit snugly into the axilla when the patient is standing with the crutch tips next to the heels.
- D. There is a 6-inch or larger gap between the patient's axilla and the top of the crutch.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Correct crutch fit includes a three-finger gap under the axilla and a slight elbow bend (15-30 degrees) for comfort and safety.
The components of the hip joint that form the ball and socket are the
- A. Pelvis and greater trochanter.
- B. Femur and patella.
- C. Acetabulum and lesser trochanter.
- D. Head of the femur and the acetabulum.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The hip joint's ball and socket are formed by the femoral head (ball) and the acetabulum (socket). Other options include incorrect bone pairings.
A patient has a fresh plaster cast applied to the left leg from the thigh to the ankle. How will you prevent complications as the cast dries?
- A. Elevate the leg and monitor for swelling or neurovascular issues.
- B. Apply heat to speed drying.
- C. Keep the cast covered to prevent contamination.
- D. Allow the patient to bear weight to test cast integrity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the leg and monitoring for swelling or neurovascular issues prevents complications like compartment syndrome. Heat, covering the cast, or weight-bearing could worsen outcomes.