Nokea
Where in the nephron is most of the glucose reabsorbed back into the blood?
- A. Proximal convoluted tubule
- B. Distal convoluted tubule
- C. Loop of Henle
- D. Henley upon Thames
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule via active transport.
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Using the figure shown, indicate where on the abdomen the nurse should palpate to examine a client's liver for size and tenderness.
- A. Right upper quadrant
- B. Left upper quadrant
- C. Right lower quadrant
- D. Left lower quadrant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The liver is located primarily in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
Which of the following would MOST directly affect the operations of the digestive system?
- A. osteoporosis
- B. liver damage
- C. heart attack
- D. kidney failure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Liver damage directly impacts digestion by reducing bile production, essential for fat breakdown.
Which part of the nervous system controls the digestive system?
- A. Somatic
- B. Digestic
- C. Autonomic
- D. Central Nervous system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary digestive processes like peristalsis and secretion.
A 55-year-old male presents with a history of recurring episodes of gastric pain, particularly after meals. He describes the pain as a burning sensation in the upper abdomen, which improves with antiacid use. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy reveals erosions in the duodenal mucosa. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Gastric ulcer
- B. Duodenal ulcer
- C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- D. Gastric adenocarcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Duodenal ulcers typically present with burning epigastric pain after meals, relieved by antacids, and are associated with mucosal erosions in the duodenum, as seen on endoscopy.
All enzymes involved in protein digestion are:
- A. secreted by the pancreas
- B. activated by HCl
- C. present in the stomach
- D. secreted in an inactive form
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protein-digesting enzymes like pepsinogen and trypsinogen are secreted in an inactive form and activated later.