Nokea
Where is oxygen exchanged between blood and tissues?
- A. capillaries
- B. veins
- C. ventricles
- D. arteries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen is exchanged between blood and tissues primarily at the capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and the tissues. This exchange process is crucial for delivering oxygen to the body's cells and eliminating carbon dioxide waste. Veins carry blood back to the heart, arteries carry blood away from the heart, and ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart responsible for pumping blood. Therefore, capillaries are the correct answer for where oxygen is exchanged between blood and tissues.
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Which of the following is an example of adaptive immunity?
- A. Inflammation
- B. Fever
- C. Antibodies
- D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antibodies are produced by the adaptive immune system in response to specific antigens. They play a crucial role in targeting and neutralizing pathogens, providing long-lasting immunity against future infections. In contrast, options A (inflammation), B (fever), and D (phagocytosis) are examples of innate immunity, the body's immediate, non-specific defense mechanisms. Inflammation is a response to tissue damage, fever is a systemic response to infection, and phagocytosis is a process where cells engulf and digest pathogens, all part of the innate immune response.
Which of the following correctly describes a strong acid?
- A. A strong acid completely ionizes in water.
- B. A strong acid donates more than one proton.
- C. A strong acid contains at least one metal atom.
- D. A strong acid will not decompose.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. A strong acid is defined as an acid that completely ionizes in water, meaning it dissociates fully into its constituent ions in solution. This characteristic differentiates strong acids from weak acids, which do not fully dissociate in water. Choice B is incorrect because the number of protons donated does not solely define the strength of an acid. Choice C is incorrect as strong acids are not defined by the presence of metal atoms, and Choice D is incorrect because all acids can decompose, but the strength of the acid is based on its ability to ionize in water.
Which of the following are the two major zones of the respiratory system?
- A. left bronchus and right bronchus
- B. nose and mouth
- C. larynx and pharynx
- D. conducting and respiratory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The two major zones of the respiratory system are the conducting zone and the respiratory zone. The conducting zone encompasses structures like the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, which serve to transport air into the lungs. On the other hand, the respiratory zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, where the crucial gas exchange process between the air in the lungs and the blood occurs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not represent the major zones of the respiratory system but rather individual structures within the system.
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
- A. to create sound and speech
- B. to take oxygen into the body while removing carbon dioxide
- C. to transport nutrients to the cells and tissue of the body
- D. to act as a barrier between the body's organs and outside influences
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to take oxygen into the body through inhalation and remove carbon dioxide through exhalation. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration and energy production, while carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be expelled from the body. This process is vital for the functioning of the body's cells and tissues. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sound and speech production, nutrient transport, and acting as a barrier against outside influences are not the primary functions of the respiratory system. While the respiratory system is involved in speech production to some extent, its primary role is in gas exchange for respiration.
Which of the following is NOT a function of progesterone in the female reproductive system?
- A. expression of secondary sexual characteristics, such as enlarged breasts
- B. stimulation of milk production in the breasts
- C. regulation and preparation of the endometrial lining of the uterus for potential pregnancy
- D. inhibition of contractions of the uterus as the ovum is released
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Progesterone plays a key role in the regulation and preparation of the endometrial lining of the uterus for potential pregnancy. It also inhibits contractions of the uterus as the ovum is released and stimulates milk production in the breasts. However, the expression of secondary sexual characteristics, such as enlarged breasts, is primarily influenced by estrogen, not progesterone. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it is not a function directly attributed to progesterone in the female reproductive system.