Nokea
Where is the abdominopelvic cavity in relation to the thoracic cavity?
- A. Dorsal
- B. Ventral
- C. Superior
- D. Inferior
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The abdominopelvic cavity is located inferior to the thoracic cavity. The thoracic cavity contains organs like the heart and lungs, while the abdominopelvic cavity includes the abdomen and pelvis regions. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as the abdominopelvic cavity is positioned below (inferior to) the thoracic cavity. Choice A (Dorsal) is incorrect as it refers to the backside of the body. Choice B (Ventral) is incorrect as it refers to the front side of the body. Choice C (Superior) is incorrect as it indicates a position above the thoracic cavity, which is not the case.
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Which of the following is a consequence of bone marrow failure?
- A. Seizures.
- B. Pancytopenia.
- C. Paraplegia.
- D. Pathologic fractures.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The corrected question focuses on the consequence of bone marrow failure, which is pancytopenia. Bone marrow failure results in decreased production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, leading to pancytopenia. This condition manifests as fatigue, weakness, increased infection susceptibility, and bleeding tendencies. Paraplegia, seizures, and pathologic fractures are not typical outcomes of bone marrow failure. Paraplegia is associated with spinal cord injury, seizures with neurological disorders, and pathologic fractures with conditions like osteoporosis or bone tumors.
Which statement is true regarding the process of digestion?
- A. Digestion of starch begins in the mouth.
- B. Amylase is produced by the stomach to help break down food in the upper intestine.
- C. The di- and tri-saccharides produced in early digestion are absorbed through the intestinal wall.
- D. Proteases are responsible for breaking down starches.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement 'Digestion of starch begins in the mouth' is correct. Salivary amylase, an enzyme produced in the salivary glands, initiates the breakdown of starch into simpler sugars like maltose in the mouth before further digestion in the stomach. This initial breakdown of starch is crucial in the digestion of carbohydrates, marking the beginning of the digestive process. Choice B is incorrect because amylase is produced in the salivary glands, not the stomach. Choice C is incorrect because di- and tri-saccharides are further broken down into monosaccharides before absorption. Choice D is incorrect because proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, not starches.
Which of the following represents the three main parts of a neuron?
- A. effector, cell body, axon
- B. dendrites, axon, cell body
- C. dendrites, axon, receptor
- D. synapse, axon, cell body
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A neuron consists of three main parts: dendrites, axon, and cell body. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus and organelles essential for neuron function. The axon transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Choice A is incorrect because an effector is not a part of a neuron. Choice C is incorrect because a receptor is not a component of a neuron but rather interacts with neurons. Choice D is incorrect because the synapse is a junction between neurons for signal transmission, not a structural part of a neuron.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A. An organelle is a specialized structure in a cell, such as a ribosome.
- B. An organ is made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions.
- C. Organ systems are two or more organs performing similar functions.
- D. A tissue contains a variety of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement provided in Option B is FALSE. Organs are actually made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions, rather than being composed of similar tissues. Organs consist of various tissues, each with their own specialized functions that collectively contribute to the overall function of the organ. Options A, C, and D are true statements. Option A correctly defines an organelle as a specialized structure in a cell, like a ribosome. Option C accurately describes organ systems as multiple organs working together to perform related functions. Option D correctly explains that a tissue is composed of different cells working together to carry out a specific function.
If every child in a certain family suffers from autism, what possible conclusion can be drawn about autism?
- A. Autism may be lethal.
- B. Autism may be genetic.
- C. Autism is related to traditional nuclear family structures.
- D. No conclusion can be drawn based on this evidence.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The possible conclusion that can be drawn from every child in a certain family suffering from autism is that autism may be genetic. The fact that every child in the family has autism suggests a strong genetic influence on the condition within this particular family. This does not necessarily mean that autism is solely genetic in all cases, but in this specific family, the pattern of all children being affected points towards a genetic connection. Choice A is incorrect as the information provided does not suggest that autism is lethal. Choice C is incorrect as there is no evidence to support a relationship between autism and traditional nuclear family structures. Choice D is incorrect because a conclusion can be drawn from the given evidence, indicating a potential genetic link within this specific family.