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Which action by a nurse represents the practice of decolonization?
- A. Enforcing Eurocentric ideologies to maintain cultural uniformity
- B. Prioritizing certain cultural perspectives over others
- C. Recognizing and challenging dominating colonial influences
- D. Eliminating all traditional healing practices to standardize care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Recognizing and challenging dominating colonial influences. Decolonization in nursing involves acknowledging and addressing historical power imbalances and colonial legacies in healthcare. By recognizing and challenging dominating colonial influences, nurses advocate for culturally safe care and work towards dismantling systemic inequalities. Enforcing Eurocentric ideologies (choice A) and prioritizing certain cultural perspectives (choice B) can perpetuate colonization rather than decolonization. Eliminating traditional healing practices (choice D) disregards cultural diversity and goes against the principles of decolonization.
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Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
- A. A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood
- B. The geographical location of the neighborhood within the city
- C. A statistical fluke without meaning
- D. The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, a cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because cultural and ethnic factors can impact health outcomes due to differences in lifestyle, diet, access to healthcare, genetic predispositions, and social determinants of health. This can lead to higher rates of certain diseases within specific cultural or ethnic groups living in the same neighborhood.
Choice B, the geographical location of the neighborhood within the city, is less likely to be the primary reason for the disparity in disease cases as the question states that all other factors are the same.
Choice C, a statistical fluke without meaning, is unlikely as statistical significance indicates a real pattern rather than random chance.
Choice D, the time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city, is also less plausible as the question specifies that all else is the same, implying that the time of data collection is consistent across the city.
A nurse is administering a tuberculosis skin test to a client who has AIDS. Which of the following
- A. Decreased positive predictive value
- B. Decreased reliability
- C. Decreased sensitivity
- D. Decreased specificity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased positive predictive value. In clients with AIDS, their compromised immune system can lead to false-negative results on the tuberculosis skin test. This decreases the test's ability to accurately predict the presence of tuberculosis if the result is positive. Choice B, decreased reliability, is not specific to the client's condition in this scenario. Choices C and D, decreased sensitivity and specificity, respectively, are not directly impacted by the client having AIDS and are more related to the test's overall performance characteristics.
Using the National CLAS as a guide, which service should be offered to clients who have LEP?
- A. Availability of interpreter services at a minimal fee
- B. Language assistance in the client's preferred language
- C. Interpretation services using family members
- D. Trained interpretation within 48 hours of hospital admission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Language assistance in the client's preferred language. According to the National CLAS Standards, offering language assistance in the client's preferred language ensures effective communication and understanding of healthcare services. This approach respects the client's linguistic and cultural needs, promoting patient-centered care and reducing the risk of errors due to language barriers. Availability of interpreter services at a minimal fee (A) may still pose financial barriers for clients with LEP. Using family members for interpretation services (C) can compromise confidentiality, accuracy, and impartiality. Trained interpretation within 48 hours of hospital admission (D) is not timely enough for immediate healthcare needs.
When talking to a womens group at the senior citizens center, the nurse reminded them that the
- A. Ensure that the women did not expect the nurse to solve their problem
- B. Demonstrate that the nurse understood the womens concerns and needs
- C. Express empathy, support, and concern
- D. Help the women engage in political action
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse is setting appropriate boundaries by reminding the women not to expect her to solve their problems. This empowers the women to take control of their own situations and seek appropriate resources. Option B is incorrect as it focuses on the nurse's understanding rather than empowering the women. Option C is incorrect because while empathy is important, it does not address the issue of setting boundaries. Option D is incorrect as it introduces a new concept of political action which is not relevant to the situation.
Why are nurses increasingly providing care in clients homes rather than in hospitals? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Home care is less expensive.
- B. It is much more efficient to give care in the home.
- C. Nurses prefer to give home care with individual attention.
- D. People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Home care is less expensive. This is because providing care in clients' homes eliminates the high costs associated with hospital stays, such as room charges, equipment use, and overhead expenses. Nurses can provide necessary care in a cost-effective manner by visiting clients in their homes.
Other choices are incorrect:
B: Efficiency may vary depending on the situation, and home care may not always be more efficient.
C: While nurses may appreciate the individual attention aspect of home care, personal preference is not the primary reason for the shift.
D: While some people may prefer to receive care at home, this alone is not the main driver for the trend towards home care.