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Which action by the nurse demonstrates effective infection control measures?
- A. Perform hand hygiene before and after patient contact.
- B. Wear gloves when administering medications.
- C. Dispose of used equipment in designated containers.
- D. Wear a mask when interacting with the patient.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform hand hygiene before and after patient contact. Effective hand hygiene is a fundamental infection control measure that helps prevent the spread of pathogens. Wearing gloves when administering medications (choice B) is important for protecting both the patient and the nurse but is not a direct demonstration of infection control. Disposing of used equipment in designated containers (choice C) is more related to proper waste management than infection control. Wearing a mask when interacting with the patient (choice D) is essential in certain situations, but hand hygiene is a more universal and critical practice for infection control.
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What is the most important nursing intervention for a patient with diarrhea?
- A. Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake.
- B. Monitor the patient's skin integrity.
- C. Check the patient's electrolyte levels.
- D. Educate the patient about infection control measures.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor the patient's skin integrity. This is crucial because diarrhea can lead to skin breakdown due to frequent bowel movements and increased moisture in the perineal area. By monitoring skin integrity, nurses can prevent skin breakdown, infection, and other associated issues. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice A) is important but not the most critical intervention. Checking electrolyte levels (Choice C) is essential but may not be the top priority at the onset. Educating the patient about infection control (Choice D) is important but secondary to preventing skin breakdown in a patient with diarrhea.
The nurse is caring for a patient on contact precautions. Which action will be most appropriate to prevent the spread of disease?
- A. Wear a gown, gloves, face mask, and goggles for interactions with the patient.
- B. Transport the patient safely and quickly when going to the radiology department.
- C. Place the patient in a room with negative airflow.
- D. Use a dedicated blood pressure cuff that stays in the room and is used for that patient only.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to use a dedicated blood pressure cuff that stays in the room and is used for that patient only. Patients on contact precautions require dedicated equipment to prevent the spread of disease. Using one blood pressure cuff exclusively for the patient on contact precautions helps minimize the risk of transmitting infections to other patients. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while wearing protective gear and isolating the patient in a room with negative airflow are important infection control measures, using dedicated equipment for the patient on contact precautions is specifically recommended to prevent the spread of disease in this scenario.
A healthcare professional suspects a colleague of diverting narcotics. What is the first step the healthcare professional should take?
- A. Confront the colleague directly
- B. Report the suspicion to the supervisor
- C. Ignore the issue and continue working
- D. Notify the pharmacy about the colleague's behavior
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct first step for a healthcare professional who suspects a colleague of diverting narcotics is to report the suspicion to the supervisor. This action is essential to protect patient safety, uphold ethical standards, and comply with legal obligations. Confronting the colleague directly may not only escalate the situation but also jeopardize the investigation process. Ignoring the issue and continuing to work could potentially harm patients and violate professional responsibilities. Notifying the pharmacy, while important, should come after informing the appropriate supervisor or authority within the healthcare facility.
What is the primary purpose of turning and repositioning an immobile patient every 2 hours?
- A. To improve circulation and relieve pressure.
- B. To prevent contractures and muscle atrophy.
- C. To prevent skin breakdown and pressure ulcers.
- D. To improve respiratory function and prevent pneumonia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of turning and repositioning an immobile patient every 2 hours is to prevent skin breakdown and pressure ulcers. Prolonged immobility can lead to pressure ulcers, making this a crucial nursing intervention. Choice A is incorrect because while turning can help improve circulation and relieve pressure, the primary purpose is to prevent skin breakdown. Choice B is incorrect as preventing contractures and muscle atrophy is important but not the primary purpose of turning. Choice D is incorrect as improving respiratory function and preventing pneumonia are not directly related to turning and repositioning for skin integrity.
A client is preparing for a surgical procedure but refuses to remove religious jewelry. What is the best course of action?
- A. Proceed with surgery and document the refusal.
- B. Ask the client for permission to secure the jewelry.
- C. Remove the jewelry and store it safely.
- D. Postpone the surgery until the jewelry is removed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best course of action is to ask the client for permission to secure the jewelry. This respects the client's religious beliefs while also ensuring that the jewelry does not interfere during the surgical procedure. Proceeding with surgery without addressing the presence of the jewelry can lead to complications or distress for the client. Removing the jewelry without consent or postponing the surgery solely due to the presence of religious jewelry are not appropriate actions in this situation.