Nokea
Which action demonstrates health advocacy?
- A. Providing direct patient care
- B. Working to change policies that affect health care access
- C. Educating patients about their health conditions
- D. Conducting health screenings in underserved areas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because advocating for health involves addressing systemic issues that impact health outcomes. Changing policies can lead to broader and sustainable improvements in healthcare access for all individuals. Providing direct patient care (A) focuses on individual needs, educating patients (C) is important but not necessarily advocacy, and conducting health screenings (D) is part of preventive care but not advocacy for systemic change.
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After surgery, your patient starts to shiver uncontrollably. What nursing intervention would you do first?
- A. Apply warm blankets & continue oxygen as prescribed
- B. Take the patient's rectal temperature
- C. Page the doctor for further orders
- D. Adjust the thermostat in the room
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply warm blankets & continue oxygen as prescribed. Shivering after surgery indicates the patient is cold due to anesthesia effects. Applying warm blankets helps raise body temperature, reducing shivering. Oxygen is crucial post-surgery. Taking rectal temperature or adjusting room temperature is not the priority. Paging the doctor should only be done if the patient's condition worsens.
Which action demonstrates primary prevention?
- A. Administering immunizations
- B. Teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors
- C. Educating about the importance of regular check-ups
- D. Screening for early signs of disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease before it occurs. Administering immunizations is a key example of primary prevention as it directly targets the prevention of infectious diseases by building immunity. Immunizations protect individuals from getting sick in the first place, aligning with the primary prevention goal. Teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors (choice B) is more focused on health promotion rather than disease prevention. Educating about regular check-ups (choice C) falls under secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Screening for early signs of disease (choice D) is also considered secondary prevention as it aims to identify diseases at an early stage.
How does socioeconomic status impact health?
- A. It affects access to resources and health care.
- B. It has no significant impact on health.
- C. It only affects mental health.
- D. It determines genetic predisposition to diseases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because socioeconomic status influences access to resources like nutritious food, safe housing, and healthcare services, directly impacting health outcomes. This is supported by numerous studies showing the link between lower socioeconomic status and higher rates of chronic diseases. Choices B and C are incorrect as socioeconomic status does have a significant impact on health, not just mental health. Choice D is incorrect as genetic predisposition to diseases is determined by genetics, not socioeconomic status.
What is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis?
- A. Ocrelizumab
- B. Dimethyl fumarate
- C. Teriflunomide
- D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ocrelizumab. It is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis due to its proven efficacy in reducing disease progression and disability in clinical trials. Ocrelizumab specifically targets B cells, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Dimethyl fumarate (B) and Teriflunomide (C) are more commonly used for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis rather than progressive forms. Fluoroquinolones (D) are antibiotics and have no role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
The client diagnosed with a mild concussion is being discharged from the emergency department. Which discharge instruction should the nurse teach the client's significant other?
- A. Awaken the client every two (2) hours.
- B. Monitor for increased intracranial pressure.
- C. Observe frequently for hypervigilance.
- D. Offer the client food every three (3) to four (4) hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Awaken the client every two (2) hours. This instruction is important to monitor for any changes in the client's condition, such as worsening symptoms or neurological deficits. By waking the client every two hours, it allows for assessment of responsiveness and orientation. This is crucial in detecting any signs of deterioration or complications post-concussion.
Choice B is incorrect because monitoring for increased intracranial pressure requires specialized equipment and expertise beyond what can be done at home. Choice C is incorrect as hypervigilance is not typically a common concern after a mild concussion. Choice D is incorrect because offering food every three to four hours is not specific to the client's needs post-concussion.