Which action is the sixth step in the process of the menstrual cycle to produce menses?
- A. Egg matures in the graafian follicle.
- B. Corpus luteum is formed from old follicle.
- C. Estrogen from the maturing follicle causes vascularization of the uterine lining.
- D. Anterior pituitary releases luteinizing hormone (LH), releasing the ovum.
- E. Anterior pituitary releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
- F. Corpus luteum releases estrogen and progesterone.
- G. Corpus luteum disintegrates causing a decrease in progesterone.
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: The anterior pituitary releases FHS, which allows the egg to mature in the graafian follicle; estrogen from the maturing follicle causes vascularization of the uterine lining; the anterior pituitary releases LS to release the ovum into the fallopian tubes and into the uterus; corpus luteum (made up of the old graafian follicle) releases estrogen and progesterone. The corpus luteum disintegrates, causing a decrease in progesterone and the lining of the uterus is shed as menses.
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Why do false-negative results in mammography occur in specific age-groups?
- A. Older women have greater density of breast tissue.
- B. Older women have less density of breast tissue.
- C. Younger women have greater density of breast tissue.
- D. Younger women have less density of breast tissue.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Because of the greater density of breast tissue, mammography is less sensitive in younger women, which may result in more false-negative results.
Which is the recommended age range for an annual option for a mammogram?
- A. 25 and 30 years
- B. 31 and 34 years
- C. 35 and 39 years
- D. 40 and 44 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The American Cancer Society recommends that mammograms be an annual option for women starting between ages 40 and 44 years. Annual mammography for women ages 45-54 is recommended.
Which factor influences older women's reluctance to seek medical care for problems of the reproductive system?
- A. Embarrassment and cultural factors
- B. Denial
- C. Religious convictions
- D. Lack of free time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Many older women are reluctant to seek medical care for problems of the reproductive system. This may be related to cultural factors, embarrassment, or lack of knowledge.
The nurse instructs a group of women who attend the health clinic that persons who are particularly at risk for cervical cancer are persons who have which risk factor?
- A. smoke.
- B. wear tampons.
- C. have been sexually active since their teens.
- D. have multiple sexual partners.
- E. had chickenpox as a child.
- F. have a history of sexually transmitted infections (STI).
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: Women who have been sexually active since their teens, have multiple sexual partners, and have a history of STDs are more at risk for cancer of the cervix.
The patient reports that she is free of gonorrhea and can now engage in sexual activity. Which response is most appropriate?
- A. If you have been free of symptoms for 2 weeks you are cured.'
- B. You should get a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) just to make sure.'
- C. No case is considered cured until you have had three consecutive negative cervical smears.'
- D. To confirm your cure, you should get a Venereal Disease Research Lab (VDRL).'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: No case of gonorrhea is considered cured until you have had three consecutive negative cervical smears. The RPR and the VDRL are tests for syphilis.
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