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Which action occurs primarily during the evaluation phase of the nursing process?
- A. Data collection.
- B. Decision-making and judgment.
- C. Priority-setting and expected outcomes.
- D. Reassessment and audit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaluation involves assessing whether goals were met and making judgments about care effectiveness.
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The nurse recognizes what as the most likely major determinant of this patient’s health?
- A. He is African American.
- B. He chose to smoke all of his adult life.
- C. His father died of lung cancer at about the same age.
- D. He has a limited ability to understand and act on health information.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. While genetics (C) and race (A) may play a role, smoking remains the primary risk factor for developing lung cancer.
7. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, when does disease occur?
- A. Yin and yang become imbalanced, altering the flow of Qi.
- B. Acupoints in Qi channels become obstructed, preventing the release of Qi.
- C. The body’s natural healing abilities are impaired by obstruction of fluid channels.
- D. The individual is out of harmony with nature and requires spiritualism and mysticism to reestablish balance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In Traditional Chinese Medicine, disease occurs when Yin and Yang become imbalanced, disrupting the flow of Qi, as described in option A.
When assigning staff to patients who are receiving chemotherapy, what is the major consideration about chemotherapeutic drugs?
- A. During preparation,drugs may be absorbed through the skin or inhaled.
- B. Many chemotherapeutics are vesicants.
- C. Chemotherapeutics are frequently given through central venous access devices.
- D. Oral and venous routes are the most common.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Safety precautions during drug preparation are paramount due to the potential for hazardous exposure to healthcare workers.
Miss Clement plans to increase her running program to 30 miles a week. Which fluid would be most desirable to avoid dehydration?
- A. Tomato juice
- B. Ice-cold mineral water
- C. Beer
- D. Lemonade
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ice-cold mineral water is the best choice for hydration as it replenishes fluids without added sugars or alcohol, which can dehydrate.
Which adaptations for performing the examination would be appropriate for the patient (select all that apply)?
- A. Make sure that a family member is with him.
- B. Handle the skin with care because of potential fragility.
- C. Keep the patient warm and comfortable during the assessment.
- D. Allow the patient to watch TV to distract him from any painful assessments.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answers are 'Handle the skin with care because of potential fragility,' 'Keep the patient warm and comfortable during the assessment,' and 'Place the patient in a position of comfort and avoid unnecessary changes in position.' These adaptations address age-related vulnerabilities and promote patient cooperation.