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Which action should the nurse take when caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and complains of problems with concentration?
- A. Teach the patient to rest the brain by avoiding new activities.
- B. Teach that 'chemo-brain' is a short-term effect of chemotherapy.
- C. Report patient symptoms immediately to the health care provider.
- D. Suggest use of a daily planner and encourage adequate rest and sleep.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemo-brain foggy focus is common; planners and rest help manage, not cure. Resting fully stalls life; it's not always short-term can linger. No emergency it's expected. Nurses in oncology offer this tools and sleep ease the mental muck, supporting function.
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A nurse is assessing a female client who is taking progestins. What assessment finding requires the nurse to notify the provider immediately?
- A. Irregular menses
- B. Edema in the lower extremities
- C. Ongoing breast tenderness
- D. Red, warm, swollen calf
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Progestins, used in some cancer treatments (e.g., endometrial cancer), increase thromboembolism risk due to their hormonal effects on clotting factors. A red, warm, swollen calf suggests deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical emergency requiring immediate provider notification to prevent pulmonary embolism. Irregular menses, edema, and breast tenderness are common side effects of progestins, manageable with monitoring or symptomatic relief, and don't pose the same urgency. DVT's potential to escalate rapidly into a life-threatening condition prioritizes it over other findings. The nurse's prompt reporting ensures timely imaging (e.g., ultrasound) and anticoagulation therapy, aligning with oncology nursing's focus on vigilant complication detection in hormonally treated clients.
A community health center is preparing a presentation on the prevention and detection of cancer. Which health care professional should be assigned to address the topic: Explain screening exams and diagnostic testing for common cancers?
- A. RN
- B. LPN/LVN
- C. Nurse Practitioner
- D. Nutritionist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Explaining screening exams and diagnostic testing for cancers like mammograms or colonoscopies requires advanced knowledge of procedures, interpretation, and patient counseling, fitting the nurse practitioner's role. NPs perform exams, order diagnostics, and educate on results, bridging clinical and teaching skills in community settings. RNs focus on care coordination and basic education, not diagnostics. LPN/LVNs handle practical tasks, lacking authority for in-depth screening discussions. Nutritionists address diet, not testing protocols. NPs' expertise ensures accurate, authoritative delivery, critical for empowering attendees with prevention knowledge, aligning with their scope in primary care and health promotion initiatives.
Which organism is most commonly responsible for travelers diarrhea?
- A. toxigenic strain of e coli
- B. clostridium difficile
- C. salmonella
- D. rotavirus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Travelers' trots E. coli's toxigenic strain leads, not C. diff, salmonella, rotavirus, or cholera's flood. Nurses peg this chronic globe-trotter.
A nurse provides care on a bone marrow transplant unit and is preparing a female patient for a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) the following day. What information should the nurse emphasize to the patient's family and friends?
- A. Your family should likely gather at the bedside in case there's a negative outcome
- B. Make sure she doesn't eat any food in the 24 hours before the procedure
- C. Wear a hospital gown when you go into the patient's room
- D. Do not visit if you've had a recent infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HSCT wipes out immunity, leaving patients prone to sepsis recent infections in visitors could bring pathogens (e.g., flu, strep) into her sterile bubble. Telling family to skip visits if sick is priority, trumping gown-wearing (useful but secondary) or fasting (not typically 24 hours). Gathering for a bad outcome's overly grim HSCT's risky but not a death sentence pre-procedure. Nurses stress this to shield the patient during the 2-4 week engraftment window, when neutropenia peaks, making infection control the linchpin of pre-transplant education in oncology.
Erysipelas
- A. responds to erythromycin
- B. is caused strep pneumoniae
- C. results from microorganism exotoxin production
- D. typically occurs on the neck
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erysipelas erythro clears strep pyogenes, not pneumo, toxins, neck-only, or TEN's peel. Nurses dose this chronic red edge.