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Which activity best supports cognitive growth in infants?
- A. Listening to music
- B. Tummy time
- C. Reading aloud
- D. Watching TV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reading aloud (C) stimulates language acquisition and cognitive connections in infants. Music (A) and tummy time (B) aid development, but reading has a stronger cognitive impact. TV (D) is less interactive and less beneficial.
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Which nursing action should occur first regarding a patient who has a problem of sexual dysfunction or sexual disorder? The nurse should
- A. develop an understanding of human sexual response.
- B. assess the patient's sexual functioning and needs.
- C. acquire knowledge of the patient's sexual roles.
- D. clarify own personal values about sexuality.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because clarifying the nurse's own personal values about sexuality is crucial before addressing a patient's sexual dysfunction. By understanding personal biases or judgments, the nurse can provide unbiased care. Assessing the patient's needs (B) should follow, as it directly addresses the patient's concerns. Developing an understanding of human sexual response (A) is important, but not as urgent as addressing personal values. Acquiring knowledge of the patient's sexual roles (C) is less relevant and should come after understanding the patient's needs.
Police bring a 63-year-old woman to the emergency room, reporting that her behavior is disorganized and disruptive, that her speech makes little sense, and that she does not seem able to take care of herself. The woman has had elective surgeries at the hospital previously and was seen in the ER last week after a fall; records show no history of similar symptoms or mental illness. The ER physician speaks with the patient but does not examine her medically, diagnoses her with schizophrenia, and orders admission to the inpatient psychiatric unit. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Ask another physician with more of an interest in psychiatry to also take a look at this patient, explaining that you just want to be as thorough as possible.
- B. Suggest that a psychiatric consult be requested before admitting the patient to a psychiatric unit, to validate the diagnosis and speed the initiation of medication.
- C. Remind the physician that schizophrenia usually develops earlier in life, that such presentations may be caused by medical problems, and suggest a medical work-up.
- D. Note that the patient's blood pressure and respirations were elevated when she arrived, and suggest that they be evaluated before admitting the patient to the psychiatric unit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates critical thinking and patient advocacy. By reminding the physician that schizophrenia typically develops earlier in life and suggesting a medical work-up, the nurse is advocating for a comprehensive approach to ruling out potential medical causes for the patient's symptoms before jumping to a psychiatric diagnosis. This approach aligns with best practices in patient care and ensures that all possible underlying causes are considered and addressed appropriately.
Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the need for a medical work-up to rule out physical causes of the symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on validating the diagnosis and initiating medication rather than investigating potential medical issues. Choice D is incorrect as it only addresses the patient's vital signs, overlooking the need for a thorough medical evaluation.
A school-aged patient with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is displaying disruptive behaviors at home. The psychiatric-mental health nurse modifies the treatment plan for the social domain, by advising the patient's parents to:
- A. establish eye contact before giving directions
- B. initiate a point system, to reward the patient for appropriate behavior
- C. instruct the patient to work on one homework assignment at a time
- D. maintain a predictable environment in the home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A point system reinforces positive behavior, directly addressing social disruptiveness in ADHD.
Which statement is most likely from a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Im fat and ugly
- B. I have nice eyes
- C. Im thin for my height
- D. My mom hates me
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it reflects a distorted body image common in anorexia nervosa. Patients with anorexia nervosa often perceive themselves as overweight or unattractive despite being underweight. Choice B is positive and unrelated to body image. Choice C is a factual statement about weight, not necessarily indicative of anorexia. Choice D introduces an external factor (mother's opinion) which is not typically a primary concern for individuals with anorexia nervosa.
Treatment of communication disorders is normally the domain of speech therapists and related disciplines, and a range of successful treatment programmes and equipment are available for disabilities such as phonological disorder and stuttering (Saltuklaroglu & Kalinowski, 2005; Law, Garrett & Nye, 2004). For example, hand-held equipment can provide which of the following?
- A. Significant auditory feedback (SAF)
- B. Magnified auditory feedback (MAF)
- C. Altered auditory feedback (AAF)
- D. Actual auditory feedback (AAF)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Altered Auditory Feedback (AAF): A treatment for stuttering providing delayed auditory feedback or frequency changes to improve speech fluency.