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Which activity should the nurse advise a client with cardiomyopathy to avoid?
- A. Walking at a moderate pace
- B. Heavy weightlifting
- C. Swimming for 20 minutes
- D. Yoga with gentle stretches
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heavy weightlifting increases cardiac strain, which is dangerous in cardiomyopathy.
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The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease. Which data support a diagnosis of venous insufficiency?
- A. The client has bright red skin on the lower extremities.
- B. The client has a brownish purple area on the lower legs.
- C. The client complains of pain after ambulating for short distances.
- D. The client has nonhealing wounds on the toes and ankles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brownish purple skin (B) indicates hemosiderin from venous stasis. Red skin (A) is nonspecific, pain with walking (C) is arterial, and toe/ankle wounds (D) are arterial.
Which teaching point should the nurse include for a client with heart failure?
- A. Avoid all physical activity.
- B. Report weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a day.
- C. Take extra diuretics if you feel short of breath.
- D. Eat high-sodium foods to maintain electrolytes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rapid weight gain indicates fluid retention, requiring prompt reporting to manage heart failure.
The nurse is teaching a class on venous insufficiency. The nurse would identify which condition as the most serious complication of chronic venous insufficiency?
- A. Arterial thrombosis.
- B. Deep vein thrombosis.
- C. Venous ulcerations.
- D. Varicose veins.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Venous ulcerations (C) are the most serious complication of chronic venous insufficiency, causing infection risk and impaired healing. Arterial thrombosis (A) is unrelated, DVT (B) is a separate condition, and varicose veins (D) are less severe.
Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect for a client with suspected pericarditis?
- A. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- B. Complete blood count (CBC)
- C. D-dimer test
- D. Chest X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An ECG can show characteristic ST-segment elevation in pericarditis due to pericardial inflammation.
The nurse is teaching a class to clients diagnosed with hypertension. Which should the nurse teach the clients?
- A. The blood pressure target range should be 120/80.
- B. Take the medication even when feeling well.
- C. Get up quickly when rising from a recumbent position.
- D. Consume a 3,000-mg sodium diet.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertension requires lifelong medication, even when asymptomatic (B). Target BP (A) is <130/80, rapid rising (C) risks orthostasis, and 3,000 mg sodium (D) is too high (aim <2,000 mg).