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Which activity would the nurse perform during the evaluation phase of evidence-based decision- making (EBDM)?
- A. Carrying out the proposed plan
- B. Deciding if the evidence is applicable to the population
- C. Determining the effectiveness of the plan
- D. Compiling the data
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the evaluation phase of evidence-based decision-making, the nurse would determine the effectiveness of the plan implemented based on the evidence gathered. This involves assessing whether the desired outcomes are achieved and if the intervention is successful. This step is crucial in determining the impact of the plan on the patient's health and well-being. The other choices are incorrect because: A is part of the implementation phase, B is more related to the appraisal phase, and D is part of the data collection phase. Thus, choice C is the most appropriate activity during the evaluation phase.
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Demographic characteristics indicate that people in developed countries are living longer, healthier lives, yet tremendous health and social disparities exist. Which describes social determinants of health?
- A. What society does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy
- B. Social conditions in which people live and work
- C. Context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community
- D. Comprehensive management of health information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and insurers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately defines social determinants of health as what society collectively does to create conditions for health. It emphasizes the importance of societal actions in promoting health outcomes for individuals. Choice B refers to social conditions but does not explicitly mention the collective responsibility of society. Choice C focuses on community health but does not encompass the broader societal role. Choice D is about health information management, not social determinants. Choices E, F, and G are not provided, so they are irrelevant. In summary, A is correct as it highlights the societal efforts in creating a healthy environment, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not fully capture the concept of social determinants of health.
Which type of study will the nurse use to understand the experiences of an immigrant group in the community?
- A. Qualitative
- B. Randomized control
- C. Needs assessment
- D. Quality improvement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse would use a qualitative study to understand the experiences of an immigrant group because qualitative research focuses on exploring and understanding individuals' experiences, perspectives, and behaviors in-depth. This type of study allows for gathering rich, detailed data through methods like interviews, observations, and focus groups, which are well-suited for capturing the complexities and nuances of immigrant experiences. A randomized control study (B) involves intervention and control groups for causality, not suitable for exploring experiences. Needs assessment (C) focuses on identifying needs and gaps in services. Quality improvement (D) aims to enhance processes and outcomes within a specific setting.
A school health nurse plans to use evidence-based practice (EBP) to guide the development of health education programs most likely to increase retention of learning in elementary schoolchildren. Which of the following would be the best way to use EBP in this situation?
- A. Ask other school health nurses what they included in their own education programs.
- B. Compare and contrast randomized controlled trials related to learning in elementary schoolchildren.
- C. Develop a series of games to accompany the programs developed to promote health.
- D. Seek out and examine health education programs for elementary schoolchildren on the Internet.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because comparing and contrasting randomized controlled trials related to learning in elementary schoolchildren is the best way to use evidence-based practice (EBP). This method involves systematically reviewing existing research studies to determine the most effective health education programs. Randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard in research, providing the highest level of evidence. By analyzing these trials, the nurse can identify interventions that have been proven to be successful in increasing retention of learning in elementary schoolchildren.
Choice A is incorrect because relying solely on anecdotal evidence from other school health nurses does not constitute evidence-based practice. Choice C is incorrect as developing games may be a creative approach, but it does not ensure the effectiveness of the health education programs. Choice D is also incorrect as the internet may not always provide reliable or evidence-based information.
A community health nurse is reviewing the reports for a group of clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following disorders is on the CDC's national notifiable conditions list?
- A. Lyme disease
- B. Providing care with a focus on the aggregates needs
- C. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
- D. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lyme disease. The CDC's national notifiable conditions list includes diseases that are required to be reported to the CDC for public health monitoring and control. Lyme disease is on this list due to its potential for widespread transmission and public health impact. The other choices are incorrect as they do not relate to the concept of notifiable conditions or public health surveillance. Providing care with a focus on aggregate needs, having goals of health promotion, and addressing health disparities are important aspects of community health nursing but are not directly related to notifiable conditions.
Which of the following is the best way to increase the number of persons who come to their screening test appointments?
- A. Reminding clients via telephone, e-mail, or mail
- B. Emphasizing long life and happy family when conditions are caught early and treated successfully
- C. Pointing out how inexpensive and convenient screening tests are
- D. Stressing the dangerousness of the condition if not caught early
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reminding clients via telephone, e-mail, or mail. This is the best way to increase attendance as it utilizes multiple communication channels to ensure clients are aware of their appointments. Reminders help reduce no-show rates by keeping the appointment fresh in their minds. Option B focuses on the benefits of early detection but does not address the issue of attendance directly. Option C emphasizes cost and convenience, but these factors may not be the primary motivators for attending appointments. Option D uses fear tactics, which may not be effective for all individuals and could lead to avoidance. Overall, option A is the most practical and effective method to increase attendance at screening test appointments.