Nokea
Which among the following is a systolic event?
- A. E wave
- B. L wave
- C. A wave
- D. S' wave
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: S' wave is a systolic event observed in echocardiography.
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A nursing action that promotes ideal nutrition in an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is:
- A. Feeding formula that is supplemented with additional calories.
- B. Allowing the infant to nurse at each breast for 20 minutes.
- C. Providing large feedings every 5 hours.
- D. Using firm nipples with small openings to slow feedings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Supplementing formula with extra calories increases the caloric density to support growth in infants with CHF.
Patrick, a healthy adolescent has meningitis and is receiving I.V. and oral fluids. The nurse should monitor this client’s fluid intake because fluid overload may cause:
- A. Cerebral edema
- B. Dehydration
- C. Heart failure
- D. Hypovolemic shock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload in a patient with meningitis can exacerbate cerebral edema, increasing intracranial pressure and worsening the condition.
What are the four structural heart anomalies that make up the tetralogy of Fallot? (Select the four that apply.)
- A. Hypertrophied right ventricle
- B. Patent ductus arteriosus
- C. Ventral septal defect
- D. Narrowing of pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The four anomalies that comprise tetralogy of Fallot are hypertrophied right ventricle, patent ductus arteriosus, stenosis of pulmonary artery, and dextroposition of the aorta.
Recognised features in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome include:
- A. Mutation in fibrillin gene
- B. Short stature
- C. Keratoconus
- D. Easy scarring
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Easy scarring: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is characterized by hyperelastic skin and joint hypermobility, with easy scarring and tissue fragility being common features.
Management of thalassaemia includes:
- A. Whole blood transfusions
- B. Pneumovax
- C. Bone marrow transplant
- D. Penicillin V prophylaxis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because bone marrow transplant is a curative treatment for thalassaemia. The other options (a, b, d, e) are supportive treatments but not curative.