Nokea
Which analysis of maternal serum is the best predictor of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus?
- A. Biophysical profile
- B. Multiple-marker screening
- C. Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio
- D. Blood type and crossmatch of maternal and fetal serum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Multiple-marker screening analyzes maternal serum for abnormal levels of AFP, hCG, inhibin A, and estriol to detect chromosomal defects.
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A pregnant patient is at 30 weeks gestation and is experiencing dizziness and lightheadedness when standing. What is the nurse's first priority action?
- A. Encourage the patient to drink fluids and rest for 10 minutes.
- B. Instruct the patient to lie flat on her back to restore circulation.
- C. Monitor the patient's blood pressure and check for signs of anemia.
- D. Administer oxygen and prepare for immediate delivery.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the patient to drink fluids and rest for 10 minutes. This is the first priority action because dizziness and lightheadedness in a pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation could be due to orthostatic hypotension, a common issue in pregnancy. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids and rest will help increase blood volume and alleviate symptoms.
Choice B is incorrect because lying flat on her back can worsen symptoms due to supine hypotensive syndrome. Choice C is not the first priority as checking for anemia or monitoring blood pressure should come after addressing immediate symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because immediate delivery is not warranted based on the symptoms described.
A patient who was admitted to the delivery room undergoes an ultrasound, which reveals that the sacrum is the presenting part; the lie is longitudinal, with both the hips and knees in flexion. Which describes this fetal presentation?
- A. Cephalic
- B. Complete breech
- C. Frank breech
- D. Footling breech
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cephalic. In this presentation, the sacrum is the presenting part, indicating the baby is head down, which is characteristic of a cephalic presentation. Additionally, the lie is longitudinal, further supporting the cephalic presentation. The flexion of both hips and knees is also consistent with the normal positioning of a baby in the cephalic presentation.
Summary of other choices:
B: Complete breech - In a complete breech presentation, the baby is bottom down with both hips and knees flexed, but the sacrum would not be the presenting part.
C: Frank breech - In a frank breech presentation, the baby's buttocks are the presenting part with the legs extended and the feet near the head.
D: Footling breech - In a footling breech presentation, one or both feet are the presenting part, with the hips and knees extended, not flexed as described in the scenario.
A pregnant woman is scheduled to undergo chorionic villus sampling (CVS) based on genetic family history. Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be administered?
- A. Magnesium sulfate
- B. Prostaglandin suppository
- C. RhoGAM if the patient is Rh-negative
- D. Betamethasone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rh-negative women undergoing CVS require RhoGAM to prevent Rh sensitization.
The nurse asks a woman about how the woman’s husband is dealing with the pregnancy.
- A. My husband is ready for the pregnancy to end so that we can have sex again.
- B. My husband has gained quite a bit of weight during this pregnancy.
- C. My husband seems more worried about our finances now than before the pregnancy.
- D. My husband plays his favorite music for my belly so the baby will learn to like it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If the husband is overly focused on resuming sexual activity postpartum, it might indicate a lack of emotional support for the pregnant partner, warranting counseling.
A nurse is providing prenatal education to a patient who is at 20 weeks gestation. Which of the following statements indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. I will avoid exercising during pregnancy to protect my baby.
- B. I will drink plenty of water and rest when I feel tired.
- C. I will eat for two to ensure my baby gets enough nutrition.
- D. I will attend all of my prenatal visits and follow my doctor's advice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because attending all prenatal visits and following the doctor's advice is crucial for monitoring the health of both the mother and the baby. It ensures early detection of any potential issues and proper management throughout the pregnancy. This statement shows the patient's commitment to their prenatal care, which is essential for a healthy pregnancy outcome.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Avoiding exercise completely is not recommended during pregnancy, as moderate exercise is beneficial for both the mother and the baby.
B: While staying hydrated and resting when tired are important, they do not solely indicate effective prenatal education.
C: Eating for two is a common misconception; the focus should be on a balanced diet rather than overeating.