Nokea
Which antiparkinsonian drug is associated with the on-off phenomenon and the wearing-off effect?
- A. Amantadine
- B. Levodopa
- C. Benztropine
- D. Pramixole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Levodopa. Levodopa is associated with the on-off phenomenon and wearing-off effect in Parkinson's disease treatment due to fluctuations in its effectiveness over time. The on-off phenomenon refers to sudden and unpredictable changes in motor function, while wearing-off effect occurs when the medication's effects diminish before the next dose. Amantadine (A) is not typically associated with these phenomena. Benztropine (C) is an anticholinergic used for tremors and rigidity. Pramixole (D) is a dopamine agonist that can cause dyskinesias but is not primarily linked to on-off or wearing-off effects.
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A patient tells his nurse that he has delayed having TURP because he is afraid it will affect his sexual function. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. “Don’t worry about sterility; sperm production is not affected by this surgery.”
- B. “Would you like some information about implants used for impotence?”
- C. “This type of surgery rarely affects the ability to have an erection or ejaculation.”
- D. “There are many methods of sexual expression that are alternatives to sexual intercourse.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: “This type of surgery rarely affects the ability to have an erection or ejaculation.” This response is appropriate because it provides accurate information that addresses the patient's concern about sexual function without making any false claims. TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) typically does not impact a patient's ability to have an erection or ejaculate. This reassurance can help alleviate the patient's fears and provide him with accurate information to make an informed decision.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: “Don’t worry about sterility; sperm production is not affected by this surgery.” - This is incorrect as the concern is more about sexual function than sterility.
B: “Would you like some information about implants used for impotence?” - This is incorrect as it jumps to a solution without addressing the patient's specific concern about TURP affecting sexual function.
D: “There are many methods of sexual expression that are alternatives to sexual intercourse
How can the nurse help monitor effectiveness of therapy for the patient with a pneumothorax and chest-drainage system?
- A. Palpate for crepitus
- B. Document color and amount of sputum
- C. Auscultate lung sounds
- D. Monitor suction level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Auscultate lung sounds. By auscultating lung sounds, the nurse can assess for changes in breath sounds which can indicate improvement or deterioration in the patient's condition. This helps monitor the effectiveness of therapy for a pneumothorax and chest-drainage system. Palpating for crepitus (A) is not directly related to monitoring therapy effectiveness. Documenting sputum color and amount (B) is important but does not specifically monitor therapy effectiveness. Monitoring suction level (D) is crucial but does not directly assess the patient's response to therapy.
When instructing the client diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism about diet, the nurse should stress the importance of which of the following?
- A. Restricting fluids
- B. Forcing fluids
- C. Restricting sodium
- D. Restricting potassium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Restricting sodium. In hyperparathyroidism, there is an excess of parathyroid hormone leading to increased calcium levels. Sodium can worsen calcium excretion, exacerbating the condition. Restricting sodium can help reduce calcium loss.
A: Restricting fluids is not necessary unless the client has kidney issues.
B: Forcing fluids may not be beneficial and can lead to fluid overload.
D: Restricting potassium is not typically necessary unless the client has kidney issues.
Antihistamines are used cautiously in older men with prostatic hypertrophy for which of the ff reasons?
- A. Because the clients may experience increased drowsiness
- B. Because these clients may experience difficulty voiding
- C. Because these clients face a greater risk of cardiac arrest
- D. Because these clients have a lower autoimmune response CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH AIDS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Because these clients may experience difficulty voiding. Antihistamines can worsen urinary symptoms in men with prostatic hypertrophy by causing urinary retention. This is due to the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines, which can lead to decreased bladder contraction and difficulty in voiding. Increased drowsiness (choice A) is a common side effect of antihistamines but is not specific to older men with prostatic hypertrophy. Choice C, greater risk of cardiac arrest, is not directly related to the use of antihistamines in older men with prostatic hypertrophy. Choice D, lower autoimmune response in clients with AIDS, is unrelated to the use of antihistamines in older men with prostatic hypertrophy.
Which scenario best illustrates the nurse using data validation when making a nursing clinical decision for a patient? The nurse determines to remove a wound dressing when the patient reveals the time
- A. of the last dressing change and notices old and new drainage. The nurse administers pain medicine due at 1700 at 1600 because the patient reports
- B. increased pain and the family wants something done. The nurse immediately asks the health care provider for an order of potassium when a
- C. patient reports leg cramps.
- D. The nurse elevates a leg cast when the patient reports decreased mobility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates data validation in nursing clinical decision-making. In this scenario, the nurse considers the patient's self-reported information (time of last dressing change and observation of old and new drainage) as key data points to validate the need for changing the wound dressing. This aligns with the principles of evidence-based practice and ensures that the decision is based on accurate and relevant information.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not involve the systematic validation of data to inform the nursing decision-making process. Choice B relies on family input rather than objective data, Choice C jumps to a treatment decision without confirming the underlying cause, and Choice D does not involve validating the patient's reported symptom before taking action.