Nokea
Which are risk factors for ovarian cancer? Select all that apply.
- A. Talc use on the perineum
- B. First-degree relative with ovarian cancer
- C. Three or more children
- D. High-fat diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Three or more children. Multiparity (having three or more children) has been identified as a protective factor against ovarian cancer due to the repeated ovulation and hormonal changes during pregnancy. A: Talc use on the perineum is not a well-established risk factor. B: Having a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk, but it is not as significant as having multiple children. D: High-fat diet has been suggested as a risk factor, but the evidence is not as strong as the protective effect of multiparity.
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Mastectomy is usually recommended for which women?
- A. Those who have not had radiation to the breast
- B. Those who have multiple tumors in the breast in several quadrants
- C. Those with no extensive DCIS
- D. Those with a small tumor compared to breast volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Those who have multiple tumors in the breast in several quadrants. Mastectomy is usually recommended for patients with multiple tumors in several quadrants to ensure complete removal of all cancerous tissue. This choice is correct because it addresses the need for more extensive surgery to effectively treat the cancer.
A: Those who have not had radiation to the breast - Incorrect, as radiation history is not the sole determinant for recommending mastectomy.
C: Those with no extensive DCIS - Incorrect, as the presence of DCIS alone may not warrant a mastectomy.
D: Those with a small tumor compared to breast volume - Incorrect, as tumor size relative to breast volume is not the primary factor in determining the need for mastectomy in cases of multiple tumors in several quadrants.
A woman has been diagnosed with galactorrhea. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to see? Select all that apply.
- A. Milky white discharge from one or both nipples
- B. Absence of menstrual periods
- C. Temperature intolerance
- D. Less interest in sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Less interest in sex. Galactorrhea is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast unassociated with childbirth or nursing. It is commonly caused by elevated levels of prolactin, which can suppress the production of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, leading to symptoms like decreased libido and less interest in sex. The other choices, A, B, and C, are incorrect because milky white discharge from nipples (A) is a symptom of galactorrhea, absence of menstrual periods (B) is more indicative of conditions like amenorrhea, and temperature intolerance (C) is not typically associated with galactorrhea.
A woman is noted to have multiple soft warts on her perineum and rectal areas. The nurse suspects that this client has which type of infection?
- A. HIV
- B. HPV
- C. Syphilis
- D. Herpes simplex virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: HPV. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes soft warts in the perineum and rectal areas. HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection known to cause genital warts. The other choices are incorrect because HIV does not typically present with warts, syphilis manifests with painless sores rather than soft warts, and herpes simplex virus causes painful blisters rather than soft warts in the specified areas.
The nurse is preparing a 51-year-old client for a vaginal examination. The nurse should place the client in which position?
- A. Prone
- B. Lateral Sims’
- C. Lithotomy
- D. High Fowler’s
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lithotomy position. This position allows for optimal visualization of the vaginal area and easier access for the examination. The client lies on their back with knees flexed and feet in stirrups, providing proper exposure. Prone (A) is face down and not suitable for a vaginal exam. Lateral Sims' (B) is on the side and not ideal for this exam. High Fowler's (D) is sitting upright, which is not appropriate for a vaginal examination.
A nurse is performing a gynecological health history interview on a 17-year-old Caucasian adolescent. The girl appears anxious and states, 'I found a lump in my left breast, and I am worried that it may be cancer.' What factors should the nurse be aware of prior to responding to this patient? Select all that apply.
- A. Breast fibroadenomas are the most common breast tumor in women after puberty and between the ages of 15 and 30.
- B. African American women tend to develop fibroadenomas more often and at an earlier age than Caucasian women.
- C. Young women are at increased risk for breast cancer.
- D. The cause of fibroadenoma is a cancerous condition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because breast fibroadenomas are indeed the most common benign breast tumor in women after puberty, typically occurring between the ages of 15 and 30. The nurse should be aware of this fact when assessing the patient's concern about the lump. Fibroadenomas are non-cancerous and do not increase the risk of breast cancer.
Choice B is incorrect because fibroadenomas are more common in Caucasian women, not African American women. Choice C is incorrect because young women like the patient are generally at low risk for breast cancer. Choice D is also incorrect because fibroadenomas are not caused by cancerous conditions.