Nokea
Which areas of the heart are affected by carditis?
- A. Coronary arteries
- B. Heart muscle and the mitral valve
- C. Aortic and pulmonic valves
- D. Contractility of the ventricles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rheumatic fever carditis affects the heart muscle and commonly the mitral valve, causing inflammation and potential damage.
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Which combination of symptoms, in conjunction with this finding, would confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever?
- A. Subcutaneous nodules and fever
- B. Painful, tender joints, and carditis
- C. Erythema marginatum and arthralgia
- D. Chorea and elevated sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Painful, tender joints and carditis, along with an elevated ASO titer, meet the major Jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever.
Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old infant would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect?
- A. He is always hungry.'
- B. He tires out during feedings.'
- C. He is fussy for several hours every day.'
- D. He sleeps all the time.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue during feedings is a common sign of congenital heart defects due to increased cardiac workload.
What should be the main focus of the nurse when presenting information?
- A. Pharmacological treatment
- B. Surgical interventions available
- C. Patient education
- D. Reduction of aerobic exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patient education is the primary focus of a hypertension-prevention program to promote lifestyle changes and awareness.
What finding would the nurse expect when measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta?
- A. Blood pressure higher on the right side
- B. Blood pressure higher on the left side
- C. Blood pressure lower in the arms than in the legs
- D. Blood pressure lower in the legs than in the arms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta causes higher blood pressure in the arms due to obstruction distal to the defect, resulting in lower pressure in the legs.
How long should a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 10 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monthly penicillin G injections for at least 5 years prevent recurrent rheumatic fever in children.