Nokea
Which assessment findings aren't consistent with a client diagnosis of right-sided heart failure?
- A. Collapsed neck veins
- B. Distended abdomen
- C. Dependent edema
- D. Decreased appetite
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because collapsed neck veins are not consistent with right-sided heart failure. In right-sided heart failure, venous congestion leads to jugular venous distention, not collapse. Distended abdomen (choice B) occurs due to fluid accumulation in the abdomen, a common finding in right-sided heart failure. Dependent edema (choice C) results from fluid retention in the lower extremities, also seen in right-sided heart failure. Decreased appetite (choice D) can be present due to abdominal discomfort from fluid accumulation. Therefore, the presence of collapsed neck veins is the only assessment finding that is not indicative of right-sided heart failure.
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What is the relationship between the pressures at label '8'?
- A. P outside = P inside
- B. P outside > P inside
- C. P outside < P inside
- D. P outside + P inside
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: P outside < P inside. This is because pressure decreases as altitude increases. At label '8', the pressure outside the object (presumably at a higher altitude) is lower than the pressure inside the object. This is due to the decrease in air pressure with increasing altitude. Choice A is incorrect because at higher altitudes, the pressure outside is lower than inside. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests the opposite relationship. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the relationship between the pressures at label '8'.
Spirometry is used
- A. To detect the amount of Hemoglobin
- B. To detect the air flow through the respiratory system
- C. To check the respiratory quotient
- D. None of these
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To detect the air flow through the respiratory system. Spirometry measures lung function by assessing the volume of air inhaled and exhaled. It helps in diagnosing respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD. Choice A is incorrect because spirometry does not measure hemoglobin levels. Choice C is incorrect as spirometry does not determine the respiratory quotient, which relates to metabolic processes. Choice D is incorrect as spirometry is used for assessing respiratory function.
which of the following is a chronic respiratory disorder caused by smoking?
- A. asthma
- B. emphysema
- C. respiratory alkalosis
- D. Acidosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is a chronic respiratory disorder specifically caused by smoking. Smoking damages the air sacs in the lungs, leading to shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Asthma is a separate condition involving airway inflammation. Respiratory alkalosis and acidosis refer to imbalances in blood pH levels, not directly caused by smoking.
Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a client with acute bronchitis?
- A. Not coughing frequently
- B. Consuming adequate calories
- C. Washing the hands frequently
- D. Encouraging a semi-Fowler’s position
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Frequent handwashing prevents the spread of infection, which is crucial in managing acute bronchitis. A (not coughing frequently) is impractical and counterproductive. B (consuming adequate calories) supports general health but is not specific. D (semi-Fowler’s position) may aid breathing but is not a primary teaching point.
Under quiet conditions, blood returning to the heart retains about ________ of its oxygen content.
- A. 25 percent
- B. 50 percent
- C. 75 percent
- D. 90 percent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (75 percent) because under quiet conditions, the venous blood returning to the heart still contains a significant amount of oxygen due to the efficient extraction of oxygen by tissues. This oxygen extraction process typically leaves around 25 percent of oxygen in the venous blood, which is then returned to the heart. Choices A (25 percent), B (50 percent), and D (90 percent) are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the amount of oxygen retained in the blood under quiet conditions. Option A (25 percent) is the amount typically extracted by tissues, so it cannot be the correct answer. Option B (50 percent) is too high, as more oxygen is extracted by tissues. Option D (90 percent) is also too high, as it overestimates the amount of oxygen retained in venous blood.