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Which assessment findings would be expected for a patient diagnosed with bipolar I disorder?
- A. Rapid cycling
- B. Major depression and acute mania
- C. Major depression and/or hypomania
- D. Hypomania and/or minor depression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Bipolar I disorder involves episodes of acute mania, which is characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsivity.
Step 2: Major depression can also occur in bipolar I, as patients may experience depressive episodes.
Step 3: Therefore, choice B (Major depression and acute mania) is the correct answer.
Summary: Choice A is incorrect because rapid cycling refers to frequent mood shifts, not specific to bipolar I. Choice C is incorrect as hypomania is characteristic of bipolar II, not bipolar I. Choice D is incorrect as minor depression is not a typical feature of bipolar I disorder.
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What is an important aspect of managing refeeding syndrome in patients with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Refeeding the patient with high-calorie foods immediately.
- B. Monitoring electrolytes closely during the refeeding process.
- C. Allowing the patient to eat whatever they want without restrictions.
- D. Restricting fluid intake to avoid water retention.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because monitoring electrolytes closely during refeeding is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications such as electrolyte imbalances. Refeeding syndrome can lead to shifts in electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which may result in cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory failure, or even death. Close monitoring allows for timely interventions to maintain electrolyte balance.
Choice A is incorrect because refeeding a patient with high-calorie foods immediately can actually exacerbate refeeding syndrome by overwhelming the body's metabolic and electrolyte regulation processes. Choice C is incorrect because allowing the patient to eat whatever they want without restrictions can lead to rapid and uncontrolled weight gain, which may worsen medical complications. Choice D is incorrect because restricting fluid intake can also contribute to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration during refeeding.
A nurse assesses an elderly patient. The nurse should complete the Geriatric Depression Scale if the patient answers which question affirmatively.
- A. Would you say your mood is often sad?'
- B. Are you having any trouble with your memory?'
- C. Have you noticed an increase in your alcohol use?'
- D. Do you often experience moderate to severe pain?'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Feeling low may be a symptom of depression. Low moods occurring with regularity should signal the need for further assessment for other symptoms of depression. The other options do not focus on mood.
The nurse has been working with a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia who experiences auditory hallucinations. The patient relates, 'When I first heard the voices they said nice things about me. Lately, they've changed and they say bad things.' What information has the least impact on therapeutic patient care at this point in the hospitalization?
- A. Do you trust me to help you with the voices?'
- B. Are the voices commanding you to do something?'
- C. How often during 24 hours do you hear the voices?'
- D. Do you hear the voices if you're busy in noisy environment?'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A: Asking about trust in the nurse is not immediately relevant as the patient's primary concern is the change in voice content. Building trust is important but addressing the content of hallucinations takes priority.
B: This is relevant as commanding voices could pose a safety risk.
C: Monitoring frequency helps assess severity and response to treatment.
D: Understanding triggers for hallucinations is important for managing symptoms.
How the child's development is influenced by the school and the teacher?
- A. mental
- B. social
- C. emotional
- D. all of these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Schools and teachers shape children holistically. Mental development occurs through intellectual stimulation (A), social development via peer interactions (B), and emotional development through resilience and self-awareness (C). 'All of these' (D) reflects their comprehensive influence.
Which of the following is characteristic of a dissociative disorder?
- A. phobic disorder
- B. amnesia
- C. paranoia
- D. depression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dissociative disorders feature disruptions like amnesia, distinguishing them from phobias or paranoia.