Nokea
Which behavior is most indicative that a 2-year-old is experiencing the initial phase of separation anxiety because his parents cannot stay all day at the hospital with him?
- A. He withdraws from the nursing staff.
- B. He cries when his parents leave.
- C. He lies quietly in bed.
- D. He cries when his parents arrive.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most indicative behavior of a 2-year-old experiencing the initial phase of separation anxiety due to parents not staying all day at the hospital is crying when his parents leave. This behavior is a common manifestation of separation anxiety in children, as they struggle with the absence of their primary attachment figures. Choices A, C, and D are less indicative because withdrawing from the nursing staff, lying quietly in bed, or crying when parents arrive do not specifically demonstrate the distress caused by separation from parents, which is the hallmark of separation anxiety in children.
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A mother visited your facility with the complaint of her child passing watery stools for two days. This is the first time the child is having such an experience. How will you describe such a visit?
- A. Initial
- B. Follow-up
- C. Routine visit
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Initial.' This visit is described as initial because it is the first time the child is experiencing these symptoms. It signifies the first encounter with healthcare professionals for this specific issue, distinguishing it from subsequent visits which would be follow-up appointments to monitor progress or routine visits for preventive care. Choice B, 'Follow-up,' is incorrect as it implies subsequent visits after the initial encounter. Choice C, 'Routine visit,' is also incorrect as it implies a scheduled visit for preventive care rather than a visit prompted by a new or acute issue. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is incorrect as one of the options accurately describes the situation, which is 'Initial.'
When does the rash in typhoid fever typically appear?
- A. On the second day after symptoms appear
- B. On the third day after symptoms appear
- C. On the fourth day after symptoms appear
- D. On the seventh day after symptoms appear
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In typhoid fever, the rash typically appears on the third day after symptoms first appear. This rash can help in diagnosing the disease along with other symptoms such as fever, malaise, and abdominal pain. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the rash in typhoid fever usually appears on the third day, not the second, fourth, or seventh day after the symptoms begin.
In counseling the parents of a child with hypopituitarism, Nurse Gyimah is asked about their child's condition. Which of the following phrases, if stated by the nurse, best describes the condition?
- A. Linear growth retardation with skeletal proportions normal for chronologic age
- B. A complete normal growth pattern, but with the onset of precocious puberty
- C. Normal growth for the first five years, followed by progressive linear growth retardation
- D. Growth retardation in which height and weight are equally affected
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypopituitarism is characterized by linear growth retardation with skeletal proportions normal for chronologic age. This means that although the child experiences growth retardation, their skeletal proportions are appropriate for their age, which distinguishes it from other conditions like precocious puberty or equal height and weight affectation. Choice B is incorrect as hypopituitarism does not involve precocious puberty. Choice C is wrong as it describes a different growth pattern not typical of hypopituitarism. Choice D is also incorrect as in hypopituitarism, height and weight are not equally affected, rather the focus is on linear growth retardation with normal skeletal proportions.
Based on the complaints provided by Madam KK, is the child exhibiting danger signs?
- A. Yes
- B. No
- C. I don't know
- D. Yes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yes, the child is displaying danger signs with symptoms such as fever and rapid breathing, indicating a potential serious health issue that requires immediate attention. The correct answer is 'Yes' because the symptoms described in Madam KK's complaints align with danger signs that suggest a severe health problem. Choices B and C are incorrect because the symptoms mentioned clearly indicate the presence of danger signs. Choice D is a duplicate of choice A and does not provide a valid alternative.
Use this scenario to answer questions 70 to 72. Madam KK brought her two-month-old sick child to your facility. She complains that the child is having a fever, fast breathing, and is not eating anything. Using the IMNCI, what will be the steps to manage this child?
- A. i. Provide practical treatment instructions
- B. ii. Triage based on the severity of illness
- C. iii. Perform a head-to-toe assessment
- D. iv. Identify specific treatments
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To manage the sick child using IMNCI, the correct steps are as follows: Triage based on the severity of illness, Perform a head-to-toe assessment, Identify specific treatments, Provide practical treatment instructions, and Assess feeding while providing counseling. The correct answer, 'D,' focuses on identifying specific treatments, which is crucial in addressing the child's condition effectively. Choice A ('Provide practical treatment instructions') is not the initial step and should come after identifying specific treatments. Choice B ('Triage based on the severity of illness') and Choice C ('Perform a head-to-toe assessment') are essential steps but should follow the identification of specific treatments in the IMNCI approach.