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Which best describes a primary goal of community health nursing?
- A. Promoting health and preventing disease
- B. Providing direct patient care
- C. Reducing health care costs
- D. Ensuring access to health care services
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Promoting health and preventing disease. Community health nursing focuses on improving the overall health of populations through health promotion, disease prevention, and education. This primary goal aligns with the core principles of public health and addresses the root causes of health issues. Providing direct patient care (B) is typically more associated with acute care settings. Reducing healthcare costs (C) and ensuring access to healthcare services (D) are important aspects of community health nursing but are not the primary goal. By prioritizing health promotion and disease prevention, community health nurses can make a significant impact on the health outcomes of communities.
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How do social determinants impact health?
- A. They directly affect health behaviors and outcomes.
- B. They primarily influence genetic predisposition.
- C. They have minimal impact on overall health.
- D. They determine access to health resources.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because social determinants, such as income, education, and social support, directly affect health behaviors and outcomes. For example, lower income levels may limit access to nutritious food or healthcare services, leading to poorer health outcomes. Choices B and C are incorrect because social determinants play a larger role than genetic predisposition and have a significant impact on overall health. Choice D is incorrect because while social determinants can influence access to health resources, their impact goes beyond just determining access.
Which action represents a secondary prevention strategy?
- A. Screening for hypertension
- B. Providing immunizations
- C. Offering rehabilitation services
- D. Administering antibiotics for infections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases early to prevent complications.
Step 2: Screening for hypertension identifies high blood pressure before symptoms develop.
Step 3: Early detection allows for timely intervention to prevent further health issues.
Step 4: Providing immunizations (Choice B) is a primary prevention strategy.
Step 5: Offering rehabilitation services (Choice C) is a tertiary prevention strategy.
Step 6: Administering antibiotics for infections (Choice D) is a treatment, not prevention.
Why is health equity important in community health?
- A. It ensures all individuals have the opportunity to achieve their best health.
- B. It focuses on treating existing health conditions.
- C. It addresses the immediate health needs of the community.
- D. It eliminates health disparities among different populations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because health equity ensures fairness and equal opportunity for everyone to achieve optimal health outcomes. By addressing social determinants of health and systemic barriers, it aims to reduce inequalities in health outcomes. Choice B is incorrect as it only focuses on treatment, neglecting prevention and overall well-being. Choice C is incorrect as it is too narrow in scope, overlooking long-term health improvement. Choice D is incorrect as health equity goes beyond eliminating disparities to promoting equal access and outcomes for all.
What is a key role of community health nurses?
- A. Conducting health screenings
- B. Developing health policies
- C. Advocating for health policy changes
- D. Providing emergency care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Advocating for health policy changes. Community health nurses play a key role in advocating for policies that promote health and address health disparities. They work to improve population health through influencing policy decisions that impact communities. Health screenings (A) may be part of their role, but it is not a key role. Developing health policies (B) is typically done by policymakers and public health professionals, not solely by community health nurses. Providing emergency care (D) is important, but it is not a primary role of community health nurses.
Which action exemplifies the role of a nurse in policy advocacy?
- A. Meeting with legislators to discuss health issues
- B. Administering vaccines in the community
- C. Conducting health screenings
- D. Providing direct care to underserved populations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Meeting with legislators to discuss health issues. Nurses engaging in policy advocacy play a crucial role in influencing healthcare policies for the betterment of the community. By meeting with legislators, nurses can advocate for changes in policies that address public health concerns and improve access to quality care. This action allows nurses to use their expertise to inform lawmakers about the needs of patients and communities, ultimately leading to positive policy changes.
Incorrect choices:
B: Administering vaccines in the community - While important for public health, this choice focuses on a clinical task rather than policy advocacy.
C: Conducting health screenings - Also vital for prevention, but not directly related to policy advocacy.
D: Providing direct care to underserved populations - While crucial for addressing healthcare disparities, this choice pertains to direct patient care rather than policy advocacy.