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Which best describes the impact of social support on health?
- A. It enhances recovery and improves outcomes.
- B. It provides emotional and practical support.
- C. It reduces stress and promotes well-being.
- D. It improves adherence to treatment plans.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because social support provides emotional and practical assistance that can positively impact health outcomes. Emotional support can reduce feelings of isolation and improve mental well-being, while practical support can help individuals manage daily tasks related to their health. Choice A is incorrect as it oversimplifies the impact of social support. Choice C, while partially true, does not encompass the full range of benefits provided by social support. Choice D focuses solely on treatment adherence, neglecting the broader aspects of support that contribute to overall health.
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How do social determinants impact health?
- A. They directly affect health behaviors and outcomes.
- B. They primarily influence genetic predisposition.
- C. They have minimal impact on overall health.
- D. They determine access to health resources.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because social determinants, such as income, education, and social support, directly affect health behaviors and outcomes. For example, lower income levels may limit access to nutritious food or healthcare services, leading to poorer health outcomes. Choices B and C are incorrect because social determinants play a larger role than genetic predisposition and have a significant impact on overall health. Choice D is incorrect because while social determinants can influence access to health resources, their impact goes beyond just determining access.
What action is essential for a community health nurse to assess environmental health risks?
- A. Collecting data on community health behaviors
- B. Conducting health screenings
- C. Assessing workplaces for potential hazards
- D. Monitoring air and water quality
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, monitoring air and water quality. This is essential for a community health nurse to assess environmental health risks because it directly evaluates potential hazards in the community. Monitoring air and water quality enables identification of pollutants that can impact the health of individuals living in the community. Collecting data on community health behaviors (A) focuses more on individual lifestyle choices rather than environmental risks. Conducting health screenings (B) is important for assessing individual health status, not environmental risks. Assessing workplaces for potential hazards (C) is crucial for occupational health but not directly related to community environmental health risks.
What is a key role of community health nurses?
- A. Conducting health screenings
- B. Developing health policies
- C. Advocating for health policy changes
- D. Providing emergency care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Advocating for health policy changes. Community health nurses play a key role in advocating for policies that promote health and address health disparities. They work to improve population health through influencing policy decisions that impact communities. Health screenings (A) may be part of their role, but it is not a key role. Developing health policies (B) is typically done by policymakers and public health professionals, not solely by community health nurses. Providing emergency care (D) is important, but it is not a primary role of community health nurses.
Which best describes a key principle of public health?
- A. Focusing on individual health behaviors
- B. Addressing the social determinants of health
- C. Reducing health care costs
- D. Increasing access to health services
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Addressing the social determinants of health. This is a key principle of public health because it recognizes that health outcomes are influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. By addressing these determinants, public health interventions can have a broader impact on improving overall population health.
A: Focusing on individual health behaviors is important but not sufficient for public health, as it does not address the underlying causes of health disparities.
C: Reducing health care costs may be a goal, but it does not encompass the holistic approach of public health.
D: Increasing access to health services is crucial, but it is only one aspect of public health and does not address the root causes of health inequities.
Which best describes the role of surveillance in public health?
- A. Monitoring the spread of diseases
- B. Providing direct patient care
- C. Offering health education workshops
- D. Conducting epidemiological research
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because surveillance in public health involves systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting health data to monitor the spread of diseases. By monitoring disease patterns and trends, public health officials can identify outbreaks, track the effectiveness of interventions, and implement control measures.
Choice B (providing direct patient care) is incorrect as surveillance focuses on population-level data rather than individual patient care. Choice C (offering health education workshops) is also incorrect as surveillance is primarily data-driven and focuses on monitoring health status rather than providing education. Choice D (conducting epidemiological research) is related to surveillance but is a broader concept that includes studying the causes and effects of diseases, whereas surveillance specifically refers to monitoring disease spread.