Nokea
Which blood product replaces missing clotting factors in the patient who has a bleeding disorder?
- A. Platelets
- B. Albumin
- C. Packed RBC
- D. Cryoprecipitate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cryoprecipitate. Cryoprecipitate contains high levels of clotting factors such as fibrinogen, Factor VIII, Factor XIII, and von Willebrand factor, making it the ideal choice to replace missing clotting factors in patients with bleeding disorders. Platelets (A) help with clot formation but do not contain clotting factors. Albumin (B) is a protein used for volume replacement, not clotting factor replacement. Packed RBC (C) is used to increase oxygen-carrying capacity in anemic patients, not for clotting factor replacement.
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A college student goes to the college clinic and asks the best way to avoid contracting an STD. The nurse provides the clinic’s standard STD teaching. Which statement by the student indicates the need for additional instruction?
- A. “There is no guarantee that I won’t contract an STD if I choose to be sexually active.”
- B. “Abstinence is the only sure way to avoid an STD.”
- C. “If I use a condom with spermicide, I will be safer than if I don’t use one.”
- D. “If I question my partner about past sexual encounters, I can avoid STDs.”
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. This statement indicates a need for additional instruction because questioning a partner about past sexual encounters may not be a reliable method to avoid STDs. Here's the rationale:
1. A: Correct - Acknowledges the reality that engaging in sexual activity carries risks, even with precautions.
2. B: Correct - Emphasizes that abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STD transmission.
3. C: Correct - Using a condom with spermicide can reduce the risk of STD transmission, although it's not foolproof.
4. D: Incorrect - Relying solely on partner questioning is not a comprehensive or foolproof method to prevent STDs. It overlooks the potential for misinformation or lack of disclosure from the partner.
A patient with a brain tumor is admitted to the medical unit to begin radiation treatments. Which nursing action should take priority?
- A. Pad the patient’s side rails
- B. Teach the patient what to expect during
- C. Assess the patient’s pain level radiation treatments
- D. Place the patient in isolation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because assessing the patient's pain level is the priority when caring for a patient with a brain tumor about to begin radiation treatments. Pain management is crucial in providing comfort and ensuring the patient's well-being during treatment. Teaching the patient about what to expect and addressing any pain promptly are essential steps in delivering effective care.
Padding the side rails (choice A) is important for patient safety, but it is not the priority in this situation. Isolating the patient (choice D) is unnecessary unless there is a specific medical indication. Teaching the patient what to expect (choice B) is important but assessing and managing pain take precedence to ensure the patient's comfort and safety during treatment.
Which finding is an early indicator of bladder cancer?
- A. Painless hematuria
- B. Nocturia
- C. Occasional polyuria
- D. Dysuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Painless hematuria. This is an early indicator of bladder cancer because blood in the urine without pain is a common symptom in the early stages of the disease. Nocturia (B), frequent urination at night, is more commonly associated with urinary tract infections or benign prostatic hyperplasia. Occasional polyuria (C), excessive urination, can be a symptom of diabetes or kidney disease. Dysuria (D), painful urination, is more indicative of urinary tract infections or urethritis. Therefore, painless hematuria is the most specific early indicator of bladder cancer among the choices provided.
Which white blood cells are involved in releasing histamine during an allergic reaction?
- A. Basophils
- B. Monocytes
- C. Eosinophils
- D. Neutrophils
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Basophils. Basophils are a type of white blood cell that release histamine during allergic reactions. They contain granules filled with histamine, which is released when they encounter an allergen. Monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils do not release histamine during allergic reactions. Monocytes are involved in immune response and inflammation, eosinophils are responsible for combating parasitic infections, and neutrophils are primarily involved in fighting bacterial infections.
Which of the following nursing activities is an example of evaluation?
- A. Checking a client’s blood pressure 30 minutes after administering an antihypertensive medication
- B. Administering prescribed oxygen therapy to a client
- C. Developing a plan of care for a new client
- D. Teaching a client about low-sodium dietary options
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because checking a client's blood pressure after administering medication assesses the effectiveness of the intervention. Evaluation involves determining if the desired outcomes were achieved. Administering oxygen therapy (B) is an implementation task. Developing a plan of care (C) is part of the assessment and planning phase. Teaching about dietary options (D) is part of the implementation phase. In conclusion, only option A involves assessing the outcome of an intervention, making it the correct choice for evaluation.