Nokea
Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?
- A. Pulmonary arteries
- B. Pulmonary veins
- C. Systemic arteries
- D. Systemic veins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is systemic arteries. Systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body to provide oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Systemic veins return deoxygenated blood from the body tissues to the heart for reoxygenation. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
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What is the common name for the compound CH₃COOH?
- A. Acetic acid
- B. Formic acid
- C. Butyric acid
- D. Propionic acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The compound CH₃COOH is commonly known as acetic acid. Acetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a sour taste and a pungent smell. It is a weak acid found in vinegar and is used in the production of various chemicals. Formic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid are different organic acids with distinct chemical structures and properties, but they are not the common name for the compound CH₃COOH.
Which element is used in fire extinguishers to smother flames by displacing oxygen?
- A. Nitrogen
- B. Carbon dioxide
- C. Helium
- D. Argon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbon dioxide is the correct answer. It is used in fire extinguishers because it displaces oxygen, which is necessary for combustion. When carbon dioxide is released onto a fire, it reduces the oxygen concentration around the flames, effectively smothering the fire. This disruption of oxygen availability interrupts the chemical reaction that sustains the fire. Nitrogen (Choice A), helium (Choice C), and argon (Choice D) are not typically used in fire extinguishers for smothering flames by displacing oxygen. Nitrogen is an inert gas that can displace oxygen but is not as effective as carbon dioxide in fire suppression.
Which organ serves as the human body's command center, integrating sensory information and coordinating movement and vital functions?
- A. Lungs
- B. Brain
- C. Kidneys
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The brain is the human body's command center, responsible for integrating sensory information, coordinating movement, and regulating vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. While the lungs, kidneys, and stomach perform crucial functions in the body, they do not have the central role of serving as the command center for these essential bodily processes. The lungs are primarily involved in respiration, the kidneys in filtering blood and regulating fluid balance, and the stomach in digestion. However, none of these organs have the comprehensive control over sensory integration, movement coordination, and vital functions like the brain does.
What is a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain called?
- A. Stroke
- B. Seizure
- C. Syncope (fainting)
- D. Coma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Syncope, also known as fainting, is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain. It results from a brief interruption in the brain's blood supply, leading to a temporary loss of consciousness. The correct answer is C. A stroke, option A, is caused by a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain, not insufficient blood flow. Seizure, option B, involves a sudden surge of electrical brain activity, not reduced blood flow. Coma, option D, is characterized by prolonged unconsciousness, not a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow.
Which orbital can hold a maximum of 8 electrons?
- A. s orbital
- B. p orbital
- C. d orbital
- D. f orbital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the p orbital. Each p orbital can hold a maximum of 6 electrons (2 electrons in each of the 3 p orbitals), totaling 18 possible electrons when considering all three p orbitals. The s orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the d orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons, and the f orbital can hold a maximum of 14 electrons. Therefore, the p orbital is the orbital that can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, making it the correct choice.