Nokea
Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
- A. Femur
- B. Hyoid
- C. Radius
- D. Tibia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Hyoid bone. The hyoid bone is distinctive as it does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. Instead, it is held in place by muscles and ligaments, playing a crucial role in supporting the tongue and providing attachment points for various muscles involved in swallowing and speech. The other choices, Femur, Radius, and Tibia, all articulate with other bones in the body. The femur articulates with the hip bone, the radius articulates with the ulna and other bones in the wrist, and the tibia articulates with the femur and fibula.
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What is the primary role of the small intestine in nutrient absorption?
- A. To break down food
- B. To absorb nutrients
- C. To secrete digestive enzymes
- D. To store glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To absorb nutrients.' The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream, facilitating the delivery of essential nutrients to the body for various functions and processes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while the small intestine does contribute to the breakdown of food and does secrete digestive enzymes, its primary function is to absorb nutrients, not to store glucose.
The motor cortex helps the brain by monitoring and controlling the body's movement. Where is the motor cortex located within the brain?
- A. Back of the head
- B. Top middle portion of the parietal lobe
- C. Front portion of the parietal lobe
- D. Around the auditory cortex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Front portion of the parietal lobe. The motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe, specifically in the front portion of the parietal lobe. It is responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the motor cortex is not located at the back of the head, top middle portion of the parietal lobe, or around the auditory cortex.
Which hormone is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle?
- A. Insulin
- B. Melatonin
- C. Cortisol
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melatonin. Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, is the hormone involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It plays a crucial role in signaling the body that it is time to sleep and is influenced by light exposure. Melatonin levels typically rise in the evening, promoting sleep, and decrease in the morning, helping in waking up. Choice A, Insulin, is involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not the sleep-wake cycle. Choice C, Cortisol, is a stress hormone that helps regulate metabolism and immune response but is not primarily involved in the sleep-wake cycle. Choice D, Thyroxine, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, growth, and development, but it is not directly involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.
What is the main function of the immune system?
- A. To produce hormones
- B. To protect the body from infections
- C. To remove waste products
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main function of the immune system is to protect the body from infections by identifying and destroying pathogens like bacteria and viruses. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing illnesses. Choice A is incorrect because hormone production is primarily handled by the endocrine system, not the immune system. Choice C is incorrect as waste removal is mainly performed by the excretory system, not the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is primarily the role of the thermoregulatory system, not the immune system.
Which of the following structures is found in the upper respiratory system alongside the Pharynx?
- A. Larynx
- B. Trachea
- C. Pharynx
- D. Bronchi
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Larynx.' The larynx is indeed located in the upper respiratory system alongside the pharynx. Positioned below the pharynx and above the trachea, the larynx is crucial for breathing and sound production. The trachea and bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system and are situated below the larynx, making them incorrect choices in this context.