Nokea
Which characteristic symptom of the client's disorder would the nurse expect to find during an assessment?
- A. Polyphagia
- B. Polyuria
- C. Glycosuria
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, leading to excessive urination (polyuria) due to the kidneys' inability to conserve water.
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Which risk factor should the nurse expect to find in the client diagnosed with pancreatic cancer?
- A. Chewing tobacco.
- B. Low-fat diet.
- C. Chronic alcoholism.
- D. Exposure to industrial chemicals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic alcoholism is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, often linked to chronic pancreatitis, which predisposes to malignancy. Chewing tobacco is more associated with oral cancers, a low-fat diet is not a risk factor, and while industrial chemical exposure is a possible risk, it is less specific than alcoholism.
When the client asks why a diabetic relative cannot take insulin orally, what is the best answer?
- A. Insulin is inactivated by digestive enzymes.
- B. Insulin is absorbed too quickly in the stomach.
- C. Insulin is irritating to the gastric mucosa.
- D. Insulin is incompatible with many foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is a protein that is broken down by digestive enzymes, rendering it ineffective if taken orally.
If the following foods are available, which one should the nurse recommend?
- A. Cheddar cheese
- B. Raw carrots
- C. Canned fruit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cheddar cheese is high in sodium, which is beneficial for clients with Addison's disease to replace sodium loss.
When given the news, the client denies the diagnosis and becomes angry, stating there has been a mistake in the tests. Which nursing action is most appropriate at this time?
- A. Emphasizing the importance of treatment
- B. Reassuring the client that the disease is easily managed
- C. Explaining that many people live with diabetes
- D. Listening as the client expresses current feelings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Listening to the client's feelings supports emotional processing and acceptance of the diagnosis.
A client is diagnosed as having insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). She received regular insulin at 7:30 A.M. When is she most apt to develop a hypoglycemic reaction?
- A. Mid-morning
- B. Mid-afternoon
- C. Early evening
- D. During the night
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular insulin peaks 2-4 hours after administration, making mid-morning (9:30-11:30 A.M.) the most likely time for hypoglycemia.