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Nociceptors differ from other nerve receptors in the body in what way?
- A. They adapt very little to continual pain response.
- B. They inhibit the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils.
- C. They play no role in the inflammatory response.
- D. They transmit only the thermal stimuli.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because nociceptors are specialized nerve receptors that do not adapt much to continual pain response. This lack of adaptation allows nociceptors to continuously signal the presence of tissue-damaging stimuli, which is crucial for the perception of pain. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because nociceptors do not inhibit the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils (B), they do play a role in the inflammatory response (C), and they transmit various types of stimuli including thermal, mechanical, and chemical, not just thermal stimuli (D).
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What should a designated healthcare surrogate base healthcare decisions on?
- A. Personal beliefs and values
- B. Recommendations of family members and friends
- C. Recommendations of the physician and healthcare team
- D. Wishes previously expressed by the patient
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the healthcare surrogate should base decisions on recommendations of the physician and healthcare team who have the expertise to provide medical advice. They are best positioned to understand the patient's condition and treatment options. Personal beliefs (A) may not align with medical best practices. Family and friends' recommendations (B) may not be informed by medical knowledge. Wishes previously expressed by the patient (D) are important but may need to be interpreted in the context of the current medical situation, which healthcare professionals can provide.
During the primary survey of a patient with severe leg trauma, the nurse observes that the patient’s left pedal pulse is absent and the leg is swollen. Which action will the nurse take next?
- A. Send blood to the lab for a complete blood count.
- B. Assess further for a cause of the decreased circulation.
- C. Finish the airway, breathing, circulation, and disability survey.
- D. Start normal saline fluid infusion with a large-bore IV line.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess further for a cause of the decreased circulation. The nurse should prioritize assessing the cause of the absent left pedal pulse and leg swelling to address the severe leg trauma effectively. This step involves identifying potential vascular compromise or compartment syndrome, which are critical conditions requiring immediate intervention. Sending blood for a complete blood count (A) is not the priority in this situation. Finishing the primary survey (C) may delay addressing the circulation issue. Starting normal saline infusion (D) without addressing the circulation problem first could potentially worsen the condition. Therefore, assessing further for the cause of decreased circulation is the most appropriate next step to ensure timely and appropriate management of the patient's condition.
The nurse notes premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) while suctioning a patient’s endotracheal tube. Which action by the nurse is a priority?
- A. Decrease the suction pressure to 80 mm Hg.
- B. Document the dysrhythmia in the patient’s chart.
- C. Stop and ventilate the patient with 100% oxygen.
- D. Give antidysrhythmic medications per protocol.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stop and ventilate the patient with 100% oxygen. This is the priority action because PVCs can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias and inadequate oxygenation. By stopping suctioning and providing 100% oxygen, the nurse ensures proper oxygenation and ventilation, which takes precedence over addressing the dysrhythmia itself. Decreasing suction pressure (choice A) may not address the underlying issue and could potentially harm the patient. Documenting the dysrhythmia (choice B) is important but not as urgent as ensuring adequate oxygenation. Giving antidysrhythmic medications (choice D) should be done under the direction of a healthcare provider and is not the first-line intervention in this situation.
A nurse who works in an intermediate care unit has experienced high nursing turnover. The nurse manager is often considered to be an autocratic leade r by staff members and that leadership style is contributing to turnover. The nurse asks to be involved in developing new guidelines to prevent pressure ulcers in the patient populat ion. The nurse manager suggests that the nurse has not yet had enough experience to be on tahbierb p.croemv/teenstt ion task force. This situation and setting is an example of what form of ineffec tive leadership?
- A. Creating a barrier to inter-staff communication.
- B. Supporting a work environment that is unhealthy.
- C. Displaying ineffective decision making.
- D. Demonstrating nursing practice that is not evidence-based.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Displaying ineffective decision making. In this scenario, the nurse manager's decision to exclude the nurse from participating in developing new guidelines is an example of ineffective decision making. By dismissing the nurse's request based on lack of experience rather than considering their input and involvement, the manager is not utilizing the nurse's expertise and potentially missing out on valuable insights. This decision reflects a lack of inclusivity, collaboration, and respect for the nurse's professional growth and potential contributions. The other choices are not directly applicable in this context as the core issue lies in the manager's decision-making process.
What is the most important outcome of effective communi cation?
- A. Demonstrating caring practices to family members.
- B. Ensuring that patient teaching is provided
- C. Meeting the diversity needs of patients.
- D. Reducing patient errors.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because reducing patient errors is the most important outcome of effective communication in healthcare. Clear and accurate communication among healthcare providers and patients can prevent misunderstandings, leading to fewer errors in diagnosis, treatment, and medication administration. This ultimately improves patient safety and outcomes.
A: Demonstrating caring practices to family members is important but not the most crucial outcome of effective communication in healthcare.
B: Ensuring that patient teaching is provided is essential, but patient safety through error reduction takes precedence.
C: Meeting the diversity needs of patients is crucial for patient-centered care, but error reduction directly impacts patient safety, making it more critical.