Nokea
Which client should the nurse refer for further testing?
- A. Left breast slightly smaller than right breast
- B. Eversion (elevation) of both nipples
- C. Faintly visible bilateral symmetry of venous network
- D. Small dimple located in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A small dimple in the breast is a concerning sign and should be referred for further testing as it can indicate breast cancer.
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A client is scheduled for surgery after a recent breast cancer diagnosis. The nurse is discussing the procedure with the client. To allay her fears, which explanation best describes a skin-sparing mastectomy?
- A. Removal of the breast, nipple, and areola, leaving only the skin
- B. Removal of the breast, nipple, areola, and axillary node dissection
- C. Incision on the outside of the breast, leaving the nipple intact
- D. Removal of both breasts in their entirety
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A skin-sparing mastectomy involves removing the breast, nipple, and areola while keeping the skin intact for possible reconstruction.
What type of mastectomy removes the entire breast but leaves the chest wall intact?
- A. total simple mastectomy
- B. modified radical mastectomy
- C. skin-sparing mastectomy
- D. nipple-sparing mastectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A total simple mastectomy is a type of mastectomy that removes the entire breast, including the breast tissue, nipple, and areola, but it leaves the chest wall muscles intact. In this procedure, the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes) are not typically removed. The total simple mastectomy is usually performed when the breast cancer is small and localized, and there is no evidence of spread to the surrounding lymph nodes or chest wall. This surgery is considered less extensive than other types of mastectomies, such as modified radical mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, or nipple-sparing mastectomy, which involve different levels of tissue removal.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who is at 29 weeks of gestation. Which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. WBC count 11,000/mm3
- B. Hgb 11.2 g/dL
- C. Hct 34%
- D. Platelets 140,000/mm3
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A platelet count of 140,000/mm³ is concerning as it is on the lower end of normal and could indicate thrombocytopenia, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Which statement is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States?
- A. There are a larger proportion of younger nurses in the workforce as compared with older nurses.
- B. As a result of decreased RN-to-patient ratios, there is a decrease in patient mortality in the clinical setting.
- C. Nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants.
- D. There are adequate classroom and clinical facilities for training RNs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States. Despite the growing demand for healthcare services and the critical need for more nurses, nursing schools across the country face challenges in accepting all qualified applicants due to a shortage of nursing faculty, limited clinical space, and budget constraints. This bottleneck in nursing education and training contributes to the shortage of nurses in the workforce. As a result, many potential nursing students who are qualified and interested in pursuing a career in nursing are being turned away from programs, exacerbating the shortage.
Which statement is the most complete and accurate description of medical abortions?
- A. Medical abortions are performed only for maternal health.
- B. They can be achieved through surgical procedures or with drugs.
- C. Medical abortions are mostly performed in the second trimester.
- D. They can be either elective or therapeutic.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medical abortions can be either elective (the woman's choice) or therapeutic (for maternal or fetal health). They are typically performed in the first trimester using medication.