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Which cognitive mode, according to Harry Stack Sullivan, begins in early childhood as the child begins to connect experiences in sequence?
- A. Prototaxic mode
- B. Parataxic mode
- C. Bitaxic mode
- D. Syntaxic mode
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sullivan's parataxic mode involves children connecting experiences in sequence, though not always logically, marking an early cognitive developmental stage.
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A patient is blaming his impending divorce on the fact that his wife goes out frequently with her girlfriends. If using reality therapy, the nurse would help the patient with which of the following responses?
- A. If you really love her, she should love you as well.
- B. What does being divorced mean for you?
- C. How do you feel about your marriage ending?
- D. What role do you think you have played in the end of your marriage?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reality therapy encourages clients to examine their own behaviors and their impact on life goals, such as taking responsibility for their role in the divorce.
A nurse is working with a patient with an eating disorder who refuses to eat a muffin. The nurse asks the patient 'Is there any way that you could see the muffin as just flour and water, basic nutrients your body needs?' In this statement, the nurse is using which type of therapy?
- A. Rational emotive therapy
- B. Cognitive therapy
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Reality therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive therapy focuses on altering thought patterns, like reframing the muffin as basic nutrients, to change behavior and perceptions.
A patient has just been told she has cervical cancer. When asked about how this is impacting her, she states 'It's just an infection, it will clear up.' The statement indicates
- A. Needs education on cervical cancer
- B. Is unable to express true feelings
- C. Should be immediately referred
- D. Is using denial to protect herself from an emotionally painful thought
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's statement reflects denial, an ego defense mechanism used unconsciously to protect against the emotional pain of a serious diagnosis like cervical cancer. Education or referrals are premature until the denial is addressed, and the statement does not indicate an inability to express feelings.
The nurse has established a therapeutic relationship with a patient. The patient is beginning to share feelings openly with the nurse. The relationship has entered which phase according to Peplau's theory?
- A. Orientation
- B. Identification
- C. Exploitation
- D. Resolution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Peplau's theory, the identification phase is when the client works interdependently with the nurse, expresses feelings, and begins to feel stronger. This follows the orientation phase and precedes exploitation and resolution.
Which of the following is a major developmental task of middle adulthood?
- A. Developing intimacy
- B. Learning to manage conflict
- C. Reexamining life goals
- D. Resolving the past
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In middle adulthood, reexamining life goals is a key task in Erikson's generativity vs. stagnation stage, focusing on productivity and satisfaction.