Cardiovascular NCLEX Questions

Cardiovascular NCLEX Questions Related

Review Cardiovascular NCLEX Questions related questions and content

Which combination of medicines should be prescribed to a 62-year-old woman who has just been diagnosed with hypertension. She smokes 20 cigarettes per day, her cholesterol is 4.2 mmol/L. Her blood pressure is 147/85 mmHg. Her BMI is 29. Her QRISK3 score is 12%.

  • A. Aspirin 75 mg daily and Ramipril 2.5 mg daily
  • B. Atorvastatin 20 mg daily and Amlodipine 5 mg daily
  • C. Aspirin 75 mg daily, Atorvastatin 20 mg daily, and Amlodipine 5 mg daily
  • D. Atorvastatin 20 mg daily, Furosemide 40 mg daily, and Ramipril 2.5 mg daily
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For a 62-year-old with hypertension and a QRISK3 of 12%, a statin (atorvastatin) is indicated due to cardiovascular risk, and amlodipine is a first-line antihypertensive for those over 55. Aspirin is not routinely indicated without established CVD, and furosemide is not first-line for hypertension.

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Contraction of skeletal muscles will_____ venous return, thus______ stroke volume.

  • A. decrease; decrease
  • B. decrease; increase
  • C. increase; increase
  • D. increase; decrease
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Skeletal muscle contraction compresses veins, aiding venous return to the heart. This increases preload and, according to Frank-Starling's law, enhances stroke volume.

Which of the following phases of cardiac cycle follows immediately after the beginning of the QRS wave?

  • A. Isovolumic relaxation
  • B. Ventricular ejection
  • C. Atrial systole
  • D. Isovolumic contraction
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The QRS wave marks ventricular depolarization, followed by isovolumic contraction as ventricles begin to contract.

A 64-year-old man is brought to the ER complaining of crushing chest pain radiating to his left arm. He is admitted, stabilized, and treated for acute myocardial infarction. Later, he developed ventricular tachycardia and is treated with antiarrhythmic drug. After a week of antiarrhythmic treatment, he began having difficulty breathing. A chest X-ray reveals pulmonary fibrosis. Which antiarrhythmic drug was he taking?

  • A. Amiodarone
  • B. Digoxin
  • C. Lidocaine
  • D. Procainamide
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amiodarone can cause pulmonary fibrosis as a side effect.

Regarding ECG changes, which is CORRECT?

  • A. Hypernatraemia is associated with low voltage complexes
  • B. The first change in hyperkalaemia is prolongation of QRS
  • C. With hypokalaemia, the resting membrane potential decreases
  • D. In hypercalcaemia, myocardial contractility is enhanced
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In hypercalcaemia, the increased calcium levels enhance myocardial contractility by increasing the availability of calcium during contraction.

A 45-year-old man was just started anti-hypertensive therapy and then developed a persistent dry cough. Which of the following drugs could cause this side effect?

  • A. Enalapril
  • B. Losartan
  • C. Nifedipine
  • D. Prazosin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, commonly causes a dry cough.