Nokea
Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect?
- A. He is always hungry.
- B. He tires out during feedings.
- C. He is fussy for several hours every day.
- D. He sleeps all the time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue during feeding or activity is common to most infants with congenital cardiac problems.
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What are FIVE indications for pacemaker insertion in a child with congenital heart block?
- A. Symptomatic bradycardia
- B. Ventricular dysfunction or low cardiac output
- C. Wide QRS escape
- D. Complex ventricular ectopy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Symptomatic bradycardia is the most common indication for pacemaker insertion in children with congenital heart block, to ensure adequate heart rate and perfusion.
All the following are causes of heart failure in full-term neonate EXCEPT
- A. asphyxial
- B. coarctation of aorta
- C. hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- D. transposition of great arteries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta may not immediately present with heart failure in full-term neonates.
Respiratory distress at birth is mostly caused by:
- A. Diaphragmatic hernia
- B. Meconium aspiration
- C. RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because RDS is the most common cause of respiratory distress in newborns. The other options (a, b, d, e) are less common causes.
A fair-skinned female client who is an avid runner is diagnosed with malignant melanoma, located on the lateral surface of the lower leg. After wide margin resection, the nurse provides discharge teaching. It is most important for the nurse to emphasize the need to observe for changes in which characteristic?
- A. Elasticity of the skin
- B. Appearance of any moles
- C. Muscle aches and pains
- D. Pigmentation of the skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring for changes in moles is critical for early detection of new or recurrent melanoma, which is essential for timely intervention.
The following foramina are found in the brain:
- A. Foramen of Monro
- B. Foramen ovale
- C. Foramen of Magendie
- D. Foramen transversalis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Foramen of Monro: The foramen of Monro connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle and plays a key role in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).