Nokea
Which complication could occur as a result of percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)?
- A. Postdates pregnancy
- B. Fetal bradycardia
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Uterine rupture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fetal bradycardia is the most common complication of PUBS due to the invasive nature of the procedure.
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A nurse is assisting with a vaginal delivery. What is the most important intervention when the fetal head begins to crown?
- A. apply gentle downward pressure
- B. perform perineal massage
- C. assist with perineal care
- D. apply a warm compress
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: apply gentle downward pressure. This intervention helps to control the speed of delivery, prevent rapid tearing of the perineum, and reduce the risk of maternal and fetal complications. Applying pressure can also help guide the baby's head to prevent sudden expulsion, allowing for a controlled delivery. Performing perineal massage (B) and assisting with perineal care (C) are important but not the most critical interventions at this stage. Applying a warm compress (D) may provide comfort but does not address the immediate need for controlled delivery.
The glucose challenge screening test is performed at or after 24 weeks’ gestation to assess for the maternal physiological response to which of the following pregnancy hormones?
- A. Estrogen.
- B. Progesterone.
- C. Human placental lactogen.
- D. Human chorionic gonadotropin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Human placental lactogen (hPL) is the hormone that affects glucose metabolism during pregnancy, making it the focus of the glucose challenge test.
Which food is the best source of iron?
- A. Raisins
- B. Hamburger
- C. Broccoli
- D. Molasses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hamburger is rich in heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme sources like raisins or molasses.
After nutrition counseling, a woman, G3 P1101, proclaims that she certainly can’t eat any strawberries during her pregnancy. Which of the following is the likely reason for this statement?
- A. The woman is allergic to strawberries.
- B. Strawberries have been shown to cause birth defects.
- C. The woman believes in old wives’ tales.
- D. The premature baby died because the woman ate strawberries.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food allergies are a plausible reason for avoiding strawberries. There is no scientific evidence linking strawberries to birth defects or premature death. Old wives’ tales might exist but are less likely the primary reason here.
A patient who is 38 weeks pregnant presents to the labor and delivery unit. Upon vaginal examination, it is determined the fetus is engaged. What is the correct interpretation by the nurse?
- A. The cervix is completely effaced.
- B. The lie is longitudinal.
- C. The fetal head is flexed.
- D. The biparietal diameter of the fetal head is at the level of the ischial spines.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct interpretation by the nurse is D: The biparietal diameter of the fetal head is at the level of the ischial spines. At 38 weeks, engagement indicates the fetal head has descended into the pelvis and reached the level of the ischial spines. This is a crucial landmark in labor progress, indicating descent and readiness for birth. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A refers to cervical effacement, which is not related to engagement. Choice B refers to fetal lie, which describes the relationship of the fetal spine to the maternal spine. Choice C refers to fetal head flexion, which is important for the mechanism of labor but not specifically related to engagement.